What causes pelvic inflammatory disease?

The occurrence of pelvic inflammatory disease is closely related to the age of female friends. It is more common in young women between 15 and 20 years old, women in their sexually active period, or after some intrauterine surgical operations. Infection may cause pelvic inflammatory disease.

1. Age: According to data, the peak age for pelvic inflammatory disease is 15-25 years old. The susceptibility of young women to pelvic inflammatory disease may be related to frequent sexual activity, cervical columnar epithelium ectopia, and poor mechanical defense function of cervical mucus.

2. Sexual activity: Pelvic inflammatory disease often occurs in sexually active women, especially those who have their first sexual intercourse at a young age, have multiple sexual partners, have sexual intercourse too frequently, or whose sexual partners have sexually transmitted diseases.

3. Lower genital tract infection: Lower genital tract infections such as gonorrheal Neisseria cervicitis, chlamydial cervicitis and bacterial vaginosis are closely related to the occurrence of pelvic inflammatory disease.

4. Infection after intrauterine surgical operation: such as curettage, fallopian tube insufflation, hysterosalpingography, hysteroscopy, etc., due to the damage, bleeding and necrosis of the reproductive tract mucosa caused by the operation, endogenous pathogens of the lower reproductive tract may ascend and infect.

5. Poor sexual hygiene: Sexual intercourse during menstruation, use of unclean menstrual pads, etc., can allow pathogens to invade and cause inflammation. In addition, low-income groups do not pay attention to sexual health care, and those who do vaginal douching have a high incidence of pelvic inflammatory disease.

6. Direct spread of inflammation from adjacent organs: such as appendicitis, peritonitis, etc. that spread to the pelvic cavity, with Escherichia coli being the main pathogen.

7. Recurrence of acute pelvic inflammatory disease: Pelvic inflammatory disease can cause extensive pelvic adhesions, fallopian tube damage, and decreased fallopian tube defense capabilities, which can easily lead to reinfection and acute attacks.