What causes functional uterine bleeding? There are many causes.

The most typical feature of menopausal functional uterine bleeding is menstrual disorders. Menstruation will come frequently, with heavy flow and long duration. The causes of functional uterine bleeding include systemic ones, such as malnutrition, mental factors, and the most common one is endocrine disorders.

1. Causes

1. Systemic factors (12%):

Including adverse mental trauma, stress, malnutrition, endocrine and metabolic disorders such as iron deficiency, anemia, aplastic anemia, blood diseases and bleeding diseases, diabetes, thyroid and adrenal diseases.

2. Uterine and endometrial factors (35%):

These include abnormalities in the structure and function of spiral arterioles and microcirculatory vascular beds, dysfunction of endometrial steroid receptors and lysosomes, abnormal local coagulation mechanisms, and dysregulated secretion of prostaglandins TXA2 and PGI2.

3. Endocrine disorders (30%):

Hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis dysfunction includes disturbances in the rhythm of reproductive hormone release, feedback dysfunction, ovulation, and corpus luteum dysfunction.

4. Iatrogenic factors (15%):

Including steroidal contraceptives and intrauterine devices that interfere with the normal function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. Certain drugs for systemic diseases (especially psychiatric and nervous systems) can affect normal menstrual function through neuroendocrine mechanisms.

The normal menstrual cycle is a biological clock phenomenon.

The female reproductive physiology and reproductive endocrine function follow a strict biological rhythm, which is influenced by internal and external environmental factors and regulated by neuroendocrine.

rhythm, that is, the obvious circadian rhythm and lunar rhythm

Any factors that interfere with the neuroendocrine regulation of menstruation, such as menstrual rhythm and seasonal rhythm, can cause menstrual disorders and abnormal uterine bleeding.

2. Symptoms

1. Irregular uterine bleeding with varying amounts of blood, or a sudden increase in the amount of blood. For those who have had amenorrhea for a long time, the amount of bleeding is heavy and may last for several months. The cycle is shorter than 21 days, sometimes flowing and sometimes stopping.

2. Physical examination shows normal genitalia, or symmetrical and slightly enlarged ovaries on both sides.

3. The basal body temperature is monophasic.

4. Symptoms of anemia Excessive blood loss can cause anemia. In severe cases, symptoms such as dizziness, palpitations, shortness of breath, fatigue, edema, and loss of appetite may occur.

5. Symptoms of excessive hormone secretion include breast pain, lower abdominal distension, emotional agitation, etc.