What are the symptoms of adenomyosis?

Adenomyosis brings a lot of troubles and problems to female friends, such as dysmenorrhea, menstrual disorders, or pain during sexual intercourse, so once you find that you have these symptoms, you should pay attention to treatment.

1. Dysmenorrhea

Dysmenorrhea is the main symptom of adenomyosis, occurring in approximately 80% of patients. Most patients present with secondary dysmenorrhea with progressive worsening. As the disease progresses, the pain may begin about 1 week before menstruation, or may extend to 1 to 2 weeks after menstruation. In a few patients, the pain occurs before and after menstruation and is still cyclical. Heavy menstruation is another major symptom of adenomyosis and often leads to anemia. A small number of patients experience heavy bleeding, which can easily be misdiagnosed as functional uterine bleeding. In addition, a small number of patients become infertile. Gynecological examination shows that the uterus is enlarged, mostly uniform and hard, usually not exceeding the size of 12 weeks of pregnancy. Otherwise, it may be accompanied by uterine fibroids. If the lesion only grows in a certain part of the uterus (adenomyoma), it may also show asymmetric enlargement.

2. Menstrual disorders

The main manifestations of adenomyosis are increased menstrual volume and prolonged menstrual period. The causes of adenomyosis are mainly: ① Due to the presence of endometriosis foci in the myometrium, the myometrium cannot contract effectively, resulting in excessive menstruation. ② Patients with adenomyoma are generally in a state of high estrogen, often accompanied by excessive endometrial hyperplasia, which can also cause excessive menstruation or prolonged menstruation. Literature reports that the incidence of adenomyoma combined with endometrial hyperplasia is about 25%. ③ As the uterus enlarges, the area of ​​the uterine cavity also increases accordingly, so the amount of bleeding increases. According to Bird, the wider the range of myometrium infiltration, the higher the incidence of increased menstrual flow. The incidence of increased menstrual flow in patients with mild infiltration was 23.3%, while that in patients with severe infiltration was 82.3%. If adenomyoma is combined with myoma, the increase in menstrual volume will be more obvious. Among the cases counted in our hospital, menstrual abnormalities accounted for 73.4%.

3. Pain during sexual intercourse

Ectopic endometrium in the pelvic cavity often forms nodular lesions in the rectouterine pouch, causing pain when the cervix collides with and the uterus is lifted during sexual intercourse.