The health threat hidden behind your smile! Know the knowledge of oral cancer prevention and treatment early

Mr. Zhang from Xiangtan, Hunan, had an ulcer in his mouth that recurred and did not heal for a long time. He came to the radiotherapy department of Hunan Provincial Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (affiliated hospital of Hunan Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine) for treatment. Pathological examination showed that he had oral cancer. After careful questioning, it was learned that Mr. Zhang usually liked to eat spicy food and had the habit of chewing betel nuts.

Liu Wei, deputy chief physician and head of the radiotherapy department, reminded that the incidence of oral cancer has been on the rise in recent years, especially among young and middle-aged people. Changing bad living habits, actively preventing, early detection and treatment are crucial to the prevention and treatment of oral cancer.

1. What is oral cancer?

Oral cancer refers to malignant tumors that occur in the oral cavity. Common types include tongue cancer, cheek cancer, gum cancer, palate cancer, lip cancer, etc. Among them, squamous cell carcinoma is the most common pathological type, accounting for more than 90% of oral cancer.

2. What are the main causes of oral cancer?

Smoking and drinking: Smoking and drinking are the main risk factors for oral cancer. Studies have shown that smokers have a several times higher risk of developing oral cancer than non-smokers, and the synergistic effect of smoking and drinking further increases the risk of cancer.

Long-term chewing of betel nut: Chemical substances in betel nut, such as arecoline and polyphenol compounds, are cytotoxic and can directly damage oral mucosal cells, leading to cancer; long-term chewing of betel nut can lead to oral submucosal fibrosis, thereby increasing the possibility of oral cancer, especially "cigarettes plus betel nut" significantly increases the risk of oral cancer.

Viral infection: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is closely related to the occurrence of oral cancer, especially HPV16 and HPV18 types.

Bad oral hygiene habits: can easily lead to the growth of bacteria and viruses, increasing the risk of oral cancer.

Chronic irritation: Improper dentures, sharp tooth tips, etc. can cause long-term irritation to the oral mucosa, which may cause chronic inflammation and increase the risk of oral cancer.

3. What are the symptoms and early signs of oral cancer?

Ulcers that do not heal for a long time: Ordinary ulcers usually heal themselves within 7-10 days, while cancerous ulcers may last for weeks or even months.

Unexplained mass: A painless, hard mass appears in the mouth that grows rapidly and may bleed.

Color abnormalities: White, red, or black patches on the oral mucosa may be a sign of precancerous lesions.

Limited mouth opening: Tumor invasion of the muscles may cause difficulty in opening the mouth.

Swollen lymph nodes in the neck: Non-tender swollen lymph nodes in the neck may be a sign of oral cancer metastasis.

4. How to prevent oral cancer?

1. Quit high-risk habits: quit smoking, limit alcohol, and avoid chewing betel nuts.

2. Get HPV vaccine: prevent HPV infection and reduce the risk of oral cancer.

3. Maintain oral hygiene: brush your teeth regularly, use dental floss, and treat oral diseases in a timely manner.

4. Healthy diet: Eat more foods rich in vitamins and antioxidants, such as fruits, vegetables, etc.

5. Regular check-ups: People at high risk should undergo a dental specialist check-up every 6 months.

Experts advise

Deputy Chief Physician Liu Wei reminded: Oral cancer is a preventable and curable disease. The key lies in early detection and scientific prevention. By quitting bad habits, maintaining oral hygiene, and regular check-ups, the risk of oral cancer can be effectively reduced.

Hunan Medical Chat Special Author: Tang Siqin and Wu Qinjing, Department of Radiotherapy, Hunan Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine (Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine)

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(Edited by Wx)