Please keep the knowledge of infectious disease prevention in spring 2025~

Spring is the season when infectious diseases are prevalent. Here is some knowledge and measures on how to prevent infectious diseases in spring. I hope it can help you!

Common infectious diseases in spring

influenza

Flu is the abbreviation of influenza, an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by influenza virus, which is highly contagious. The incubation period is 1 to 3 days, and the main symptoms are fever, headache, runny nose, sore throat, dry cough, muscle and joint pain and discomfort all over the body, etc. The fever usually lasts for 3 to 4 days, and it may also manifest as severe pneumonia or gastrointestinal influenza.

Hand, foot and mouth disease

Hand, foot and mouth disease is an infectious disease caused by enterovirus, characterized by fever and rashes or herpes on the hands, feet, mouth, etc. A small number of children may suffer from damage to the central nervous system and respiratory system, and some severely ill children may progress rapidly and die easily.

chicken pox

Chickenpox is an acute infectious disease caused by the initial infection of the varicella-zoster virus. It mainly occurs in infants and preschool children. It is highly contagious and occurs from 1 to 2 days before the onset of the disease until the rash dries and forms a crust.

Norovirus

Norovirus is a virus that causes non-bacterial acute gastroenteritis, mainly acute gastroenteritis, manifested by vomiting, diarrhea, nausea, abdominal pain, headache, fever, chills and muscle aches, among which vomiting is the main symptom in children and diarrhea is the main symptom in adults. Most cases of Norovirus infection are mild with a short course, and symptoms usually improve within 1-3 days. It is transmitted through the fecal-oral route or indirect contact with environments contaminated by vomitus and excrement and aerosols, and can also be transmitted through food and water.

measles

Measles is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by the measles virus. The seasonal peak of measles is from March to May each year. Measles patients are the only source of infection. The virus can be spread through droplets or direct contact with the nasopharyngeal secretions of infected people. People are generally susceptible to it. It is easier to spread in crowded learning and living places with poor air circulation.

The main symptoms are fever, red maculopapular rash, accompanied by cough, runny nose, tearing, photophobia, sore throat, general fatigue, etc. Some cases may also be accompanied by serious complications such as pneumonia. More than 90% of those who have not been vaccinated against measles will develop the disease after exposure, and the highest incidence rate is in children aged 1-5 years.

rubella

Rubella is a respiratory infectious disease caused by rubella virus. It is most common in spring and the general population is susceptible. The source of infection is rubella patients, including latent infections (people who have not developed the disease after being infected with the virus). It can be transmitted through the respiratory tract and close contact, and can also be transmitted from mother to child. After infection with the virus, early symptoms such as fever and cough appear, and then light red maculopapular rashes first appear on the face and quickly spread throughout the body. Children are usually mildly ill, but pregnant women suffering from rubella may cause fetal death or congenital defects such as congenital heart disease, cataracts, deafness, etc., which is congenital rubella syndrome.

Mumps

Mumps, commonly known as "mumps", is an acute, systemic infectious disease caused by the mumps virus, which can usually be cured in about 2 weeks. Typical clinical symptoms are fever, diffuse swelling and pain in the parotid area and under the jaw under the ear. The characteristic of parotid swelling is that it spreads forward, backward and downward with the earlobe as the center. It can be complicated by meningoencephalitis, acute pancreatitis, etc. The source of infection is mumps patients or latent carriers. The virus infects healthy people through droplets. It is more common in children and adolescents, with a good prognosis and long-lasting immunity after the disease.

Common infectious disease prevention measures

The three basic links of infectious disease epidemics are the source of infection, the route of transmission, and the susceptible population. When a large-scale infectious disease occurs, cutting off any one of the three basic links can effectively control the spread of the infectious disease. Our various measures to prevent infectious diseases are aimed at one of the three basic links, and are divided into the following three aspects:

Control the source of infection

Patients with infectious diseases should be found, diagnosed, reported, treated and isolated as early as possible to prevent the spread of infectious diseases. Animals with infectious diseases are also sources of infection and should be dealt with in a timely manner.

Cut off the route of infection

The main way to cut off the transmission route is to pay attention to personal hygiene and environmental hygiene. Eliminating the vectors that spread the disease and carrying out some necessary disinfection work can prevent pathogens from infecting healthy people.

Protect vulnerable patients

During the epidemic period, we should pay attention to protecting susceptible people, prevent them from contacting with the source of infection, and carry out vaccination to improve the resistance of susceptible people. For susceptible people themselves, they should actively participate in sports, exercise and enhance their resistance to diseases.

Specific measures

1. Eat a reasonable diet, increase nutrition, drink plenty of water, and take in enough vitamins. Eat more foods rich in high-quality protein, sugars and trace elements, such as lean meat, eggs, dates, honey, fresh vegetables and fruits, etc.; actively participate in physical exercise, go to the suburbs and outdoors to breathe fresh air, take a walk, jog, do exercises, and do boxing every day to keep the body's qi and blood flowing, stretch the muscles and bones, and enhance physical fitness.

2. Do not go to places with dense population, mixed crowds, and air pollution, such as farmers' markets, individual restaurants, and recreational activity rooms.

3. Wash your hands frequently and thoroughly with running water, including not using dirty towels to wipe your hands.

4. Open windows every day to ventilate and keep the indoor air fresh, especially in dormitories, computer rooms, classrooms, etc.

5. Actively vaccinate. Common infectious diseases generally have vaccines now. Planned artificial automatic immunization is the main link in preventing the occurrence of various infectious diseases. Preventive vaccines are the best active means to prevent the occurrence of infectious diseases.

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