Changsha Fourth Hospital reminds: Coagulation system diseases are not limited to hemophilia, but also include these...

1. What is the coagulation system?

The coagulation system is a complex and sophisticated protective mechanism that can quickly activate and stop bleeding when blood vessels are damaged.

First, platelets rush to the wound like an emergency team, gather and begin to seal damaged blood vessels; then, with the joint action of multiple coagulation factors in the body, a series of reactions are activated to form the final thrombin; after thrombin converts fibrinogen into fibrin, fibrin captures red blood cells like a net and helps form a blood clot; finally, with the joint action of platelets and fibrin, a blood clot is stably formed and the wound gradually heals.

2. Common coagulation system diseases

1. Hemophilia

This is mainly due to the lack of clotting factors (type A lacks factor VIII, type B lacks factor IX), which causes the blood to be unable to clot normally. The knees, elbows and ankles are the most common bleeding sites.

2. Lack of Vitamin K

Vitamin K deficiency can lead to reduced synthesis of coagulation factors, which in turn causes bleeding tendency, which is common in patients with malnutrition, newborns or certain gastrointestinal diseases.

3. Aplastic anemia

Decreased production of blood cells, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets, due to bone marrow dysfunction may lead to an increased risk of bleeding and infection.

4. Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura

This is an immune disease in which the patient's immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys platelets, resulting in a low platelet count and easy skin bruising and bleeding.

5. Deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism

Deep vein thrombosis refers to the formation of blood clots in the deep veins of the lower extremities, while pulmonary embolism refers to the blockage of blood vessels in the lungs after the blood clots break off. Both are related to abnormal coagulation, especially in patients who are susceptible to venous thrombosis.

6. Liver disease

The liver is the main place where coagulation factors are produced, and abnormal liver function can also affect the level of coagulation factors.

3. Common coagulation system related examinations

1. Coagulation function

It is suitable for assessment before and after trauma and surgery, and monitoring of anticoagulant therapy, such as the use of anticoagulant drugs such as warfarin and heparin.

2. Antithrombin III

Evaluation of deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism, congenital or acquired anticoagulant protein deficiency, monitoring of liver disease or severe infection indicators, and the effects of anticoagulants such as heparin, etc.

3. D-Dimer

Monitoring of DIC, thrombotic disease, infectious septicemia, etc.

4. Thromboelastography

Evaluate the dynamic process of blood coagulation and coagulation function, monitor coagulation function in real time during acute bleeding or surgery, monitor after hemodialysis or liver surgery, and evaluate the patient's coagulation status and treatment effect. Adjust the dosage of anticoagulants according to the patient's coagulation status and conduct individualized anticoagulant therapy monitoring.

Zhang Biming, director of the laboratory department of Changsha Fourth Hospital, kindly reminds you: Eating more foods rich in vitamin K (such as green leafy vegetables) can help maintain normal levels of coagulation factors. Maintaining proper exercise is very beneficial to blood circulation. Quit smoking and drink less. Tobacco and alcohol can damage blood vessel health and increase the risk of coagulation system problems.

The coagulation system is the body's self-repair mechanism that helps us stop bleeding and heal wounds. The coagulation function test in the laboratory is like a "health detective" that can quickly discover potential health problems. The laboratory of Changsha Fourth Hospital can routinely carry out coagulation function, D-dimer, antithrombin III, thromboelastography and other related tests to protect your health!

Hunan Medical Chat Special Author: Yu Pei, Changsha Fourth Hospital

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(Edited by YT)