Why are cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases more likely to occur in autumn and winter? How to prevent and deal with them? | Seasonal solar terms and health!

The number of patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases begins to increase after the autumnal equinox. Why are cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases more likely to occur in autumn and winter? What are the common cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases? How to prevent the occurrence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases?

After the autumnal equinox, the temperature difference between day and night increases and the temperature gradually drops. The drop in temperature, especially the stimulation of cold air, will cause blood vessels to constrict, increase the burden on the heart, cause high blood pressure and blood vessel blockage, and increase the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.

In seasons when the temperature drops, people tend to consume more high-calorie foods, which may cause increased cholesterol and blood lipids, and also increase the incidence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.

At the same time, after the autumnal equinox, the days in the northern hemisphere become shorter and the nights longer, and the sunshine time decreases, which can affect people's emotions. Emotional fluctuations are also a risk factor for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.

Common cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases include: cerebral infarction, cerebral hemorrhage, myocardial infarction, unstable angina, etc.

Therefore, during the autumnal equinox, we should first keep warm and avoid prolonged exposure to low temperatures and cold environments. Second, we should have a balanced diet, advocate less salt, less oil, and less sugar, pay attention to dietary diversification, and consume no more than one fist-sized piece of meat, two fist-sized pieces of staple food, three fist-sized pieces of fruit, and four fist-sized pieces of vegetables every day. Third, we should exercise moderately, such as walking and practicing Tai Chi, to promote blood circulation. Fourth, we should maintain a good attitude and avoid emotional fluctuations. Fifth, we should regularly monitor blood pressure, blood lipids, blood sugar and other indicators, especially patients with abnormal blood pressure, blood lipids, and blood sugar in the past. If there is a significant fluctuation, seek medical attention in time.

Cerebrovascular accidents are generally more dangerous. How can the public identify them? What should we do after a sudden cerebrovascular accident? Who is more likely to have a cerebrovascular accident? How can we prevent it?

△Ji Xunming, academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and chief physician of Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University

Cerebrovascular accident, also known as stroke, is an acute cerebrovascular disease, mainly ischemic stroke.

Treating stroke is like a race against time. Early detection and rapid first aid are crucial and can effectively improve the success rate of rescue, reduce mortality and disability rates, and reduce complications.

To identify typical symptoms of stroke, please remember the "120" formula. "1" refers to looking at a face, that is, to see if his facial lines are symmetrical. Some people will have asymmetry on both sides of the mouth or shallow facial lines on one side. "2" refers to both arms or legs, to see if he walks unsteadily or if one arm is weak. "0" refers to listening, that is, to see if he speaks incoherently.

Once any of the above symptoms occur, the patient and his family should immediately call 120 emergency number and send the patient to a hospital with treatment capabilities as soon as possible. At present, most hospitals have established green channels for stroke treatment, which can effectively treat stroke patients.

Before waiting for the ambulance to arrive, avoid several mistakes: First, others should not move the patient at will, do not shake or stimulate him; second, do not shout loudly, which will make the patient nervous, which will increase his blood pressure and cause more serious problems; third, do not give medicine or food. Many stroke patients have long-term blood pressure, blood sugar, and blood lipids that have not been effectively controlled, or have not taken medicine as prescribed by the doctor. Giving them antihypertensive drugs, aspirin, etc. at this time will affect treatment.

Risk factors for stroke include: high blood pressure, high blood lipids, diabetes, obesity, abnormal heart rhythm (atrial fibrillation), coronary heart disease, family history of stroke, smoking, alcoholism and other unhealthy lifestyles.

People who have one or more of the above risk factors, a history of stroke, or transient cerebral ischemia are at high risk of stroke.

Stroke is a preventable and curable disease. We should develop a healthy lifestyle, regularly screen for stroke risk factors, and achieve early detection, early prevention, early diagnosis, and early treatment, which can effectively prevent and treat stroke.