Obstetrics and gynecology: How to care for patients undergoing gynecological and obstetric interventional treatment

Gynecological interventional treatment refers to the treatment of gynecological diseases through surgery or other medical means, such as myomectomy, adenomyosis treatment, cervical cone resection, etc. These treatments may be a big challenge for patients, so appropriate care is essential for postoperative recovery. This article will introduce in detail the nursing methods for patients undergoing gynecological interventional treatment, hoping to promote the patient's recovery process.

1. Overview of interventional treatment in obstetrics and gynecology

Interventional therapy technology is the core component of interventional radiology, which belongs to the category of minimally invasive medicine. Minimally invasive technology is one of the important contributions to human civilization in the 20th century, and it is also one of the main directions of clinical medical progress in the 21st century. Minimally invasive medicine is favored by patients because it does not require surgery or only requires small incisions, and the treatment process is gentler, recovery is faster, and safety is higher. Interventional radiology relies on imaging technology to implement non-surgical techniques such as drug infusion, vascular embolization, puncture biopsy, and vascular dilation through percutaneous puncture and catheterization to diagnose and treat related diseases. Especially for diseases that were previously considered difficult to treat, interventional therapy is simple, safe, less invasive, less complicated, and has a rapid effect, providing patients with a new treatment option. Interventional therapy can target a variety of gynecological diseases, including but not limited to uterine fibroids, adenomyosis, cervical lesions, etc.

2. How to care for patients undergoing interventional treatment in obstetrics and gynecology

The nursing care of gynecological interventional surgery is not only related to the comfort and safety of patients, but also directly affects the effectiveness of treatment. Therefore, nursing staff plays an irreplaceable and important role in the entire treatment process.

1. Preoperative care

Assess the patient's health status: including checking the patient's medical history, physical examination and necessary laboratory tests to ensure the safety of the operation. Communicate with the patient and family members to explain the surgical process, postoperative recovery and possible complications. Provide oral and written preoperative preparation guidelines, including fasting time and discontinuation of specific medications before surgery.

Detect the patient's physical signs: monitor body temperature, pulse, and respiration three times a day before surgery and once on the morning of surgery. If the body temperature is ≥37.5°C or there is abnormal coagulation or WBC <4X109/L, the doctor should be notified in time and the surgery should be suspended.

Skin preparation of the surgical field: The scope of skin preparation of the surgical field is from below the navel to the upper 1/3 of the thigh, including the vulva. At the same time, special attention should be paid to the bilateral groin puncture sites to ensure that there are no skin diseases, damage or infection, and the pulsation of the distal artery of the puncture site should be checked and marked for intraoperative and postoperative comparison.

2. Cooperation during surgery

Assist in surgical preparation: Assist the physician and surgical team in preparing surgical instruments, equipment and medications, ensure that the operating room environment meets aseptic operation requirements, and provide necessary assistance when required.

Monitor the patient's vital signs: Continuously monitor the patient's vital signs during the operation, including blood pressure, heart rate, respiration, etc., detect abnormal conditions in time and take corresponding measures.

Closely observe allergic reactions: Closely observe changes in the patient's symptoms, especially those related to allergic reactions, such as skin itching, erythema, urticaria, dyspnea, decreased blood pressure, etc. Once an allergic reaction is found in the patient, it should be reported to the attending physician and surgical team in a timely manner, and necessary measures should be taken for timely response and treatment.

3. Postoperative Care

Postoperative position: The patient needs to lie flat with the limb on the puncture side straight and immobilized for 6 hours. This helps the contraction and closure of the puncture site, maintains smooth blood flow, and prevents thrombosis. If the patient needs to turn over, he can press the puncture site tightly with his hand and turn to the healthy side. However, the patient should be advised to avoid bending the knees, hips, coughing, and sneezing to avoid sudden increase in local pressure and bleeding. He can get out of bed and move around appropriately 24 hours after surgery.

Observation and care of the puncture site: Pay attention to whether there are symptoms such as redness, swelling, heat, and pain around the puncture site, and avoid external collision or friction at the puncture site to avoid bleeding or pain.

Treatment of the puncture site after the catheter is removed: Use finger pressure to compress the puncture site for about 20 minutes. However, if the patient has one of the following conditions: the patient is emaciated, the subcutaneous fat is loose, the clotting time is prolonged, the puncture is not smooth or repeated punctures, etc., the compression time needs to be extended. The finger pressure method is to use the index finger, middle finger, and ring finger to press the upper end of the skin puncture point about 1.5-2.0cm, and ensure that the effect of finger pressure can be observed at any time. After the finger pressure is released, it is necessary to use an elastic bandage to bandage and place a 1kg sand bag for pressure for 6 hours. This helps to maintain pressure and promote the contraction and closure of the puncture point.

4. Psychological care

After surgery, patients usually have certain psychological pressure and may feel anxious. At this time, the patient understanding and support of medical staff and family members are particularly important. Medical staff can help patients relieve anxiety, enhance confidence, and better adapt to the postoperative rehabilitation process through psychological counseling and other methods. This kind of psychological support has a positive effect on the smooth progress of the entire treatment process.

In short, interventional therapy is an important treatment method in obstetrics and gynecology, which can help patients relieve symptoms, improve quality of life, and prevent complications. However, interventional therapy also has certain risks. Therefore, when formulating a treatment plan, the doctor will conduct a comprehensive assessment based on the patient's specific situation and the severity of the disease to ensure that the most suitable treatment plan is selected for the patient. After receiving interventional therapy, patients need to strictly follow the doctor's instructions and pay attention to postoperative care to promote recovery and reduce the occurrence of complications.

Author: Cao Jian, Lingshou County People's Hospital, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province