Please check these popular science knowledge about diabetes

With the improvement of the overall living standards in recent years, people's dietary structure and living habits have undergone major changes. Excessive intake of sweet and fried foods, and frequent irregular meals will affect the body's metabolism, thereby increasing the prevalence of diabetes. This disease is a common disease in clinical endocrinology. Although the prevalence is high, most people know little about it. When the disease occurs, how to give correct treatment and daily intervention, and what are the relevant precautions for the disease? Let's briefly introduce it.

What is diabetes ?

Diabetes is a chronic endocrine metabolic disease with a high prevalence rate. It is mainly caused by environmental factors, dietary factors, lifestyle habits and genetic factors, which lead to abnormal pancreatic function, reduced insulin secretion, and increased blood sugar content in the body. At present, according to different pathogenic factors, the disease is clinically divided into four major categories, namely gestational diabetes, type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes and other special types of diabetes.

What are the typical symptoms of diabetes ?

Increased urine output and higher blood sugar levels in the body will cause greater urinary sugar excretion, which in turn will induce osmotic diuresis, leading to increased urine excretion and also increased nighttime urination.

Increased food intake. Urine is the main way for glucose to be excreted from the body. When urine output increases, the glucose content in the body decreases, and the energy in the body decreases, which in turn causes the patient to feel hungry and eat more.

Increased water intake. When urine output increases, the water content in the body decreases, which in turn causes the patient to feel thirsty and drink more water.

Weight loss. When the body lacks energy for a long time, the increased urine output will cause the body to be dehydrated, which will lead to weight loss.

Blurred vision. In the early stages of the disease, unstable blood sugar levels will change the osmotic pressure of the lens and aqueous humor in the eye, causing changes in the eye's refractive power and affecting visual clarity. If blood sugar levels are not controlled in time, the lesions will continue to increase, causing retinopathy and causing irreversible effects on vision.

How to prevent diabetes?

1. Eat a healthy diet. Among the major risk factors for the occurrence of diseases, unhealthy eating habits rank first. As the name suggests, diseases are caused by people consuming a large amount of high-sugar foods. Therefore, in order to effectively prevent the occurrence of diseases, a healthy and reasonable diet and controlling the weight range are crucial. It is crucial to eat small meals frequently, balance nutrition, eat more fresh vegetables and fruits, and reduce the intake of high-sugar and high-oil foods. At the same time, attention should also be paid to the rationality of the diet. Do not overeat or consume too much high-sugar food in a short period of time. Slow down the speed of eating, taste the taste of the food carefully, chew slowly, so as to prevent damage to the pancreas due to eating too fast, which in turn affects the body's endocrine level. Especially for people with a family history of the disease, they should strengthen their attention to scientific diet and do a good job of blood sugar monitoring.

2. Develop healthy living habits. Relevant studies have shown that people who sleep more than seven hours a day are significantly less likely to suffer from the disease than those who sleep less than six hours a day. Sufficient sleep can improve the body's immunity. Therefore, high-quality sleep is essential to prevent the occurrence of diseases. However, the longer you sleep, the better. Sleeping more than nine hours a day is also detrimental to the health of the body.

3. Scientific exercise. Scientific exercise can improve people's physical fitness. Choose the exercise that suits you according to your preferences and physical condition, including running, swimming, playing ball, etc., and insist on doing aerobic exercise three or more times a week, and each exercise time should be more than half an hour. For those who need to sit for a long time in the work environment, they can get up and do appropriate activities every hour, which also has a very important effect on disease prevention.

4. Manage your weight. Epidemiological studies have shown that obese people have a higher risk of developing the disease than people with normal weight. Therefore, managing your weight plays a positive role in preventing the disease.

5. Regular physical examinations. Regular physical examinations should be conducted to monitor blood sugar and blood lipid levels. If abnormalities are found, continuous monitoring is required. If the results are higher than normal, you should go to the hospital in time to ensure early detection, early diagnosis and early treatment to avoid worsening of the disease and increased difficulty in control.

How do people with diabetes take care of themselves?

1. Diet control. Diabetes is a lifelong disease, and there is currently no complete cure in clinical practice. Therefore, patients need to control their diet for a long time, change their daily diet structure, eat small meals frequently, understand the calories and ingredients of different foods, understand the nutrients they need to consume daily, control their daily carbohydrate intake, reduce sugar intake, and choose oranges, bananas, kiwis, grapefruits, peaches and other fruits with low sugar content. Increase the intake of vegetables, supplement minerals and vitamins, and increase the types of vegetables consumed daily. Vegetables such as spinach, cabbage, broccoli, eggplant, bitter melon, winter melon, cucumber, etc. are all suitable vegetables that can be chosen. Patients and their families should understand the importance of diet to the disease and actively manage their diet.

2. Take medicines as directed by the doctor. Take medicines as directed by the doctor strictly. Do not change or reduce the dosage without authorization. Be aware of possible adverse reactions caused by the medicines, including drug rash and gastrointestinal discomfort. For patients who need to inject insulin, the insulin dosage should be controlled, the injection site should be correct, and biscuits, candies and other fast-blood sugar-raising foods should be kept nearby. Once hypoglycemia occurs, it can be relieved in time. When patients first learn to inject insulin, they should complete it under the guidance of medical staff, and ensure that they have fully mastered the injection method before they are allowed to inject themselves.

3. Prevent infection. The disease will reduce the body's immunity, thereby increasing the risk of infection. Therefore, patients should add more clothes in time when the weather turns cold, take good protection, and avoid crowded places to reduce the risk of infection. Once a patient develops a fever or upper respiratory tract infection, he or she should seek medical treatment in time to control the development of the disease and reduce the risk of complications.

4. Strengthen self-monitoring. Observe the daily urine output, food intake, and water intake, and record changes in weight. Once hypoglycemia reactions such as sweating, palpitations, and dizziness occur, blood sugar monitoring should be carried out in time and food with higher sugar content should be given.

The prevalence of diabetes is increasing, and the patient population is gradually getting younger. Therefore, in order to reduce the risk of disease, it is crucial to prevent the disease.

Author: Zhou Zhenfeng, People's Hospital of Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture