Ultra rare! The world's first case! An ultra rare Ael subtype blood type was found in Xiamen

Ultra rare! The first in the world!

A man in Xiamen went to the hospital for a physical examination

Unexpectedly discovered a shocking "big secret" ...

What is going on?

Recently, the Blood Transfusion Department of Fudan University Zhongshan Hospital (Xiamen) discovered the world's first Ael subtype blood type , which is even rarer than the so-called "panda blood". The research results were published in the International Journal of Transfusion Medicine and named "Blood Transfusion Department of Fudan University Zhongshan Hospital (Xiamen)" in the International Society of Blood Transfusion (ISBT).

The world's first case is even rarer than "panda blood"

Lv Xiaoying, deputy director of the blood transfusion department of Fudan Zhongshan Hospital Xiamen, said

The man is in his 30s and works in Xiamen.

Not long ago

A man went to the management department of Fudan Zhongshan Xiamen Hospital for a physical examination

Apply for blood typing during this period

Blood transfusion department routinely checks blood typing

The blood type serological experimental pattern of the research subjects was found

Randester's Law

What is Landerst's Law?

Listen to the doctor's popular science

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Deputy Director Lü Xiaoying said: "Simply put, the Landerst's Law rule states that if there is no A or B antigen on a certain individual's red blood cells, there should be corresponding anti-A or anti-B in the plasma, but the research subject does not meet this rule."

Deputy Director Lu Xiaoying then led the blood transfusion team to conduct a careful study. Considering that the subject was most likely to have a rare blood type, they immediately initiated a serological testing program for difficult blood types.

Through the test tube method review, anti-H test absorption and emission test, etc.

A series of professional tests

Serological results showed↓↓↓

The man is suspected of having an Ael subtype variant

Confirmed! Ael subtype!

It is a rare ABO subtype

It is reported that

Ael is a relatively rare ABO subtype

It is inherited from a rare allele at the ABO locus

In order to clarify the blood type of the research subject, Lv Xiaoying's expert team, with the assistance of Cao Ping, executive director of the Health Management Department, contacted the research subject. After excluding external interference factors such as his surgical history and blood transfusion history, Lv Xiaoying's expert team decided to use the third-generation single-molecule gene biology test.

The results of the third-generation molecular gene detection showed that a mutation not included in the International Society of Blood Transfusion (ISBT) was found for the first time in the first intron of the research object: c.29-10T>A. This mutation is located near the exon splicing region, which may affect the normal splicing of the gene product, resulting in the haploid phenotype of Ael carrying this mutation.

What is the man's blood type? Combined with the test results, the subject's blood type was finally determined to be Ael subtype!

The article was soon published online in the international transfusion medicine journal Vox Sanguinis, with Deputy Director Lü Xiaoying as the corresponding author and Technician Wang Cuibi as the first author. Since then, the newly discovered A allele variant has been named "Blood Transfusion Department of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University (Xiamen)" by the International Society of Blood Transfusion (ISBT). At the same time, the study was also funded by the Xiamen Municipal Medical and Health Guidance Project. The discovery of this new allele not only refreshed people's understanding of blood type genes, but also further improved the safety factor of clinical blood transfusion.

How to transfuse blood for people with rare blood types? It is best to store your own blood in advance

Seeing this, many friends have questions

How to provide blood transfusions to people with rare blood types?

Lu Xiaoying said

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In an emergency

A-type major side cross-compatible red blood cell products can be transfused

or O-type washed red blood cells

Or choose to collect autologous blood for storage and transfusion

The most widely used solution is

Pre-stored blood

Autologous blood transfusion can be avoided

Blood-borne diseases and immunosuppression

The best blood source for patients with rare blood types

In addition to ABO, there are these rare blood types that you don’t know about

When it comes to blood type

The first thing that comes to everyone's mind must be

Type A, Type B, Type AB, Type O

And worldwide

In addition to our common ABO

There are also these rare blood types

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Panda blood/RH negative blood type

Panda blood is the common name for Rh-negative blood type, which is one of the Rh blood type systems. Human red blood cell types are composed of more than twenty blood type systems, and ABO blood type and Rh blood type are the two blood type systems most closely related to human blood transfusion. In the Rh blood type system, red blood cells can be classified as Rh positive or Rh negative according to the presence or absence of D antigen on the red blood cells: when a person's red blood cells have D antigen, it is called Rh positive, represented by Rh (+); when the D antigen is absent, it is Rh negative, represented by Rh (-).

In China, more than 99% of people with Rh blood type are Rh positive. Among the Han and other ethnic minorities, people with Rh negative blood type account for less than 1% of the population. Panda blood exists in 15% of white people.

P blood type

P blood type is a very rare blood type, with a global population prevalence rate of less than 0.001%. Except for Japan and Sweden, there has only been one case reported in other countries and regions.

As a system, the P blood type system includes five phenotypes: P1, P2, P1k, P2k and p. The most common are P1 and P2, while the latter three phenotypes are extremely rare. Among them, P1 blood type is the most common blood type, and people like P1 account for 80% of the population. P blood type is a rare phenotype of the P blood type system, which is recessive inheritance and has a very low gene frequency. There are 5.8 cases of p blood type per million people in Europe.

Bombay blood group

The Bombay blood type was first discovered by YM Bhende in Mumbai, India in 1952, so it is also called the Bombay blood type. It is extremely rare in China, with only one in a hundred thousand people having this blood type in the country. Because this type of "Bombay blood type" is very rare, its value and significance are particularly significant.

People with Bombay blood type do not have H antigen in their bodies. Regardless of whether they have A or B blood type alleles, they cannot synthesize A or B antigens. They cannot accept blood of any ABO blood type because these bloods contain at least one of A, B, and H antigens, which are foreign antigens to them, thus causing autoimmune reactions. Therefore, they can only accept blood transfusions from other Bombay blood type individuals.

In addition to the rare blood types introduced above, humans have also discovered the NSSU blood type, Diego blood type, Kell blood type, Lutheran blood type, etc.

What’s the use of knowing your blood type?

1. Blood transfusion. Blood transfusion is usually required in cases of life-threatening situations such as acute massive bleeding, severe anemia, and traumatic surgery. The principle of blood transfusion in hospitals is to transfuse compatible blood of the same type. Compatibility transfusion can be used in emergency situations. Transfusing different types or incompatible blood into the human body will produce severe hemolytic reactions and endanger life. Our human body has different degrees of rejection of antigens from different blood type systems, and the most intense rejection occurs in the ABO blood type system and the RH (D) blood type system. Therefore, blood transfusion generally chooses blood that is consistent and compatible with the ABO blood type and the RH (D) blood type.

2. Neonatal hemolytic disease. Neonatal hemolytic disease refers to the incompatibility of the red blood cell types of the fetus and the mother, which causes the mother's body to produce blood type antibodies that are incompatible with the fetal blood type antigens. This antibody enters the fetus through the placenta and causes immune hemolysis. The most common blood type incompatibility in my country is the Rh blood type system and the ABO blood type system. The incidence of ABO neonatal hemolytic disease is higher, but the symptoms of this type of hemolytic disease are milder. Rh blood type incompatibility can cause more serious neonatal hemolytic disease, and even cause stillbirth or miscarriage. If Rh blood type incompatibility is found, pregnancy and delivery should be under the guidance of a doctor.

The existence of rare blood types does not mean that there is a distinction between noble and humble lives. On the contrary, we are all born equal, and each life is unique and precious. Therefore, when other lives are in urgent need of blood rescue, we hope that you, who are also "rare", can step forward, donate your love, and save lives that cannot be repeated.

Source: Chao News, Strait Herald, Hainan Blood Donation