Introduction to conventional treatment methods for cerebral hemorrhage

Cerebral hemorrhage is a serious neurological disease, which refers to bleeding in the brain tissue. Cerebral hemorrhage may cause damage to brain tissue and even endanger life. Therefore, the treatment of cerebral hemorrhage is very important. This article will introduce the conventional treatment methods of cerebral hemorrhage to help readers better understand and deal with this disease.

1. Emergency treatment

When a patient shows symptoms of cerebral hemorrhage, emergency treatment is critical. The following are some common emergency treatment methods:

(1) Maintain unobstructed ventilation

Cerebral hemorrhage may cause breathing difficulties, so it is very important to keep the patient's ventilation open. If the patient has breathing difficulties, immediate measures should be taken, such as adjusting the body position, using a ventilator, etc.

(2) Controlling high blood pressure

High blood pressure is one of the main risk factors for developing an intracerebral hemorrhage. Therefore, it is very important to control the patient's blood pressure after an intracerebral hemorrhage occurs. This can be done by giving antihypertensive medications or intravenous fluids.

(3) Give oxygen

A brain hemorrhage may cause a lack of oxygen to the brain tissue, so it is necessary to give the patient oxygen. This can be done through a mask or an oxygen tube.

(4) Monitoring vital signs

Cerebral hemorrhage may cause the patient's vital signs to be unstable, so it is necessary to closely monitor the patient's blood pressure, heart rate, breathing and other vital signs. This helps to detect and deal with the patient's complications in a timely manner.

2. Medication

Drug therapy plays an important role in the conventional treatment of cerebral hemorrhage. The following are some commonly used drug treatments:

(1) Hemostatic drugs

After cerebral hemorrhage, the use of hemostatic drugs can help reduce bleeding and promote blood coagulation. Commonly used hemostatic drugs include: drugs that inhibit the fibrinolytic system, drugs that promote the function of the coagulation system, drugs that constrict blood vessels, drugs that reduce capillary permeability, etc.

(2) Drugs to reduce intracranial pressure

Cerebral hemorrhage can cause increased intracranial pressure, so drugs that reduce intracranial pressure can effectively relieve symptoms. Commonly used drugs that reduce intracranial pressure include mannitol and furosemide.

(3) Drugs for controlling cerebral edema

After an intracerebral hemorrhage, brain tissue may swell, further aggravating the condition. Therefore, the use of drugs to control brain edema can help relieve symptoms. Commonly used drugs to control brain edema include dexamethasone and methylprednisolone.

(4) Drugs for preventing and treating complications

After cerebral hemorrhage, patients may experience various complications, such as infection, convulsions, etc. Therefore, taking appropriate drug treatment can prevent and treat these complications.

3. Surgery

For some severe cases of brain hemorrhage, surgery may be necessary. The following are some common surgical treatments:

(1) Neurosurgery

Neurosurgery is a common treatment for brain hemorrhage. During surgery, doctors open the brain to remove blood clots and repair broken blood vessels. This can help reduce damage to brain tissue and reduce the risk of complications.

(2) Endovascular treatment

Endovascular therapy is an interventional procedure that injects embolic materials (such as coils, glue or particles) into the bleeding site through a catheter to prevent further bleeding and damage to brain tissue. This procedure is usually suitable for vascular diseases such as intracranial aneurysms, vascular malformations, and cerebral arteriovenous fistulas.

(3) Ventricular drainage

A ventricular drain is a surgical procedure that removes blood from the ventricles of the brain. This can help relieve pressure within the skull and reduce damage to brain tissue.

4. Follow-up treatment and rehabilitation

The treatment of cerebral hemorrhage is not limited to the acute phase, but also requires follow-up treatment and rehabilitation. The following are some common follow-up treatment and rehabilitation methods:

(1) Rehabilitation treatment

Intracerebral hemorrhage may cause impairment of speech, motor and cognitive functions. Therefore, rehabilitation is very important to help patients regain function and improve their quality of life. Rehabilitation can include physical therapy, speech therapy and occupational therapy.

(2) Secondary prevention

Cerebral hemorrhage is a serious disease, and patients have a high risk of recurrence. Therefore, secondary prevention is very important. Secondary prevention includes controlling high blood pressure, controlling blood lipids and blood sugar, and quitting smoking and drinking.

5. New progress and research

Treatment of brain hemorrhage is an evolving field, and scientists and doctors are always working to find better treatments. Here are some of the new developments and research:

(1) Minimally invasive surgery

Minimally invasive surgery is an emerging method for treating cerebral hemorrhage. Compared with traditional craniotomy, minimally invasive surgery is less traumatic and has a shorter recovery time. This can help reduce surgical risks and improve patients' quality of life.

(2) Stem cell therapy

Stem cell therapy is a cutting-edge treatment method that can promote the repair and regeneration of brain tissue by introducing stem cells. This treatment method has shown potential in laboratory and animal experiments, but it still faces challenges in clinical application.

Cerebral hemorrhage is a serious disease that has a serious impact on the patient's life and health. Therefore, the treatment of cerebral hemorrhage is very important. Emergency treatment, drug treatment, surgical treatment, and follow-up treatment and rehabilitation are all effective treatments. In addition, scientists are constantly working hard to study new treatments and advances. By combining these treatments, patients can better cope with cerebral hemorrhage and improve their quality of life.

Author: Chen Jiefei, Ethnic Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi Medical University