Health and disease prevention tips for December

Health and disease prevention tips for December

Tongling Disease Control

Health and disease prevention tips for December

The temperature will drop further in December, and respiratory infectious diseases will enter their peak season. Anhui CDC would like to remind residents that while preventing respiratory infectious diseases such as influenza, new coronavirus infection, Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection, and chickenpox, they should also focus on preventing norovirus infectious diarrhea and non-occupational carbon monoxide poisoning.

Respiratory Infectious Diseases

influenza

Influenza, also known as flu, is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by influenza virus infection, which is mainly transmitted through respiratory droplets, direct or indirect contact. Winter is the peak season for influenza. Recent provincial influenza monitoring results show that the activity level of influenza viruses has increased significantly, the number of influenza cases has surged, and the number of influenza outbreaks in schools has increased significantly.

Novel Coronavirus Infection

At present, the epidemic situation of novel coronavirus infection in my country remains at a low level. From a global perspective, the new coronavirus is still mutating, and the public should still take appropriate personal protection measures.

chicken pox

Chickenpox is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus and is highly contagious. It is mainly caused by airborne droplets or contact with the patient's herpes fluid. People are generally susceptible to chickenpox, especially children aged 1 to 5 years old. Chickenpox infection mainly presents symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection such as fever, headache, sore throat, and rash appears 1 to 2 days after the onset of the disease.

Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection

Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection is an acute infectious disease caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, which is mainly transmitted through direct contact and droplets. After infection with Mycoplasma pneumoniae, the clinical symptoms are mainly fever and cough, which are more severe and may be accompanied by headache, runny nose, sore throat and other symptoms.

Precautions:

1. Maintain good personal hygiene habits.

Maintain good hand hygiene. For example, before meals, after defecation, and after going out and coming home, you should rub your hands with running water and hand sanitizer (or soap), and rinse them with running water for at least 20 seconds; when coughing or sneezing, cover your mouth and nose with a tissue or elbow, and do not touch your eyes, nose or mouth directly with your hands.

2. Ventilate more and gather less.

Open windows frequently at home for ventilation, 2 to 3 times a day, each time for at least 20 minutes, to keep the indoor environment clean and air circulating; during the epidemic season, try to avoid going to crowded and poorly ventilated public places, avoid close contact with people with fever, cough and other respiratory symptoms, and wear a mask properly when necessary.

3. Actively get vaccinated.

It is recommended to actively receive vaccines such as influenza, new coronavirus and chickenpox; there is currently no vaccine to prevent Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection, so strengthening daily personal protection is key.

4. Maintain a healthy lifestyle.

Maintain a healthy lifestyle including regular work and rest, proper diet, and moderate exercise to enhance immunity.

5. Monitor your health closely.

If you have fever, dry cough, sore throat, fatigue and other symptoms, you should rest at home, do not go to work or class while sick, and try to reduce contact with others. If your condition worsens, you should seek medical attention as soon as possible.

Intestinal infectious diseases

Norovirus diarrhea

Norovirus diarrhea is diarrhea caused by Norovirus infection, which can be spread through contaminated water, food, and contaminated objects. The disease occurs throughout the year, with a higher incidence in autumn and winter, often causing clusters or outbreaks in crowded places such as schools, nurseries, and communities.

Precautions:

1. Pay attention to personal hygiene.

Before meals, after defecation, and before processing food, you should use hand sanitizer (or soap) and running water to wash for at least 20 seconds; alcohol-containing disinfectant wipes and hand-free disinfectants are ineffective against norovirus and cannot replace hand washing.

2. Pay attention to food and water hygiene.

Do not drink raw water, wash vegetables, fruits and melons thoroughly, cook food thoroughly, especially oysters and other shellfish and seafood, which must be cooked thoroughly before eating.

3. Do a good job in case management.

People infected with Norovirus should stay isolated at home as much as possible during the period of illness and until 3 days after recovery. During this period, try to avoid close contact with family members and eat and sleep separately.

4. Do a good job in environmental cleaning and disinfection.

Keep the indoor temperature appropriate and open windows for ventilation regularly. Chlorine-containing preparations should be used to disinfect the environment and objects contaminated by the patient's vomit or feces. When cleaning objects contaminated by vomit, plastic gloves and masks should be worn to avoid direct contact with contaminants.

Poisoning incidents

Non-occupational carbon monoxide poisoning

Non-occupational carbon monoxide poisoning refers to carbon monoxide poisoning incidents that occur in the public's daily lives. Winter is cold and doors and windows are closed, which is a high-incidence season for carbon monoxide poisoning incidents. Using coal stoves, charcoal fires, etc. for heating in poorly ventilated environments, improper use or installation of gas or gas water heaters, or substandard quality, and gas leaks from gas stoves or gas pipelines are all likely to cause carbon monoxide poisoning.

Precautions:

1. Strengthen self-safety awareness.

In cold seasons, try to choose central heating if conditions permit; correctly install and use coal stoves, charcoal fires and other heating equipment. When using coal stoves or charcoal fires for heating indoors, windows should be opened frequently for ventilation; regularly inspect and maintain gas, gas stoves, water heater pressure reducing valves and hoses, as well as gas and gas pipelines.

2. Install carbon monoxide detectors.

When using gas or gas stoves at home, you can install carbon monoxide detectors and conduct regular inspections and maintenance to ensure normal operation.

3. Improve ventilation in the car.

When the vehicle is driving, the air conditioner should be turned on in external circulation mode and the windows should be opened regularly for ventilation. When the vehicle is stopped, do not turn on the air conditioner for a long time, and do not sleep in a car with the doors and windows closed and the air conditioner on.

4. Improve emergency response capabilities for carbon monoxide poisoning.

If carbon monoxide poisoning occurs, open windows for ventilation immediately, turn off gas and other facilities and equipment, quickly transfer the poisoned person to a place with fresh air and good ventilation, keep warm, and call 120 emergency number for emergency help as soon as possible.