Talk about the issues related to bacterial testing for urinary tract infection

Urinary tract infection is mainly an inflammatory reaction caused by the invasion of bacteria on the urothelium. Bacteriuria or pyuria is more common in clinical practice. The main characteristics of this disease are relatively high incidence, high difficulty in control, and high difficulty in cure. The patient's daily life will be greatly affected, especially the repeated onset of the disease, which greatly damages the patient's kidney function and also causes some unpredictable complications. For urinary tract infection, it is very important to strengthen bacterial testing, be able to grasp the cause of the current urinary tract infection, and take symptomatic treatment measures. At present, the treatment of urinary tract infection is mainly long-term use of antibiotics, but long-term medication will form a certain drug resistance, and the incidence of adverse reactions will also increase. It can be seen that, combined with the current clinical testing requirements, strengthening the analysis of bacterial testing problems in urinary tract infection and taking necessary countermeasures can fundamentally eliminate the problem of urinary tract infection and lay the foundation for the patient's physical health recovery.

Most urinary tract infections are caused by bacteria, and a few are caused by fungi, protozoa, viruses, etc. For this type of urinary tract infection, necessary examinations and bacteriological tests must be performed in the clinic. For patients suspected of having a urinary tract infection, urine bacterial examination can identify the pathogen, accurately determine the cause of the formation, and conduct drug sensitivity tests on the bacteria obtained in the test, which is helpful in selecting the best drug treatment method in the clinic and promoting the improvement of treatment effects. It can be seen that bacterial testing in urinary tract infection is of great significance and is one of the indispensable means in clinical treatment. At present, the urine specimen collection method needs to be carried out before the use of antibiotics, which can avoid the phenomenon of specimen contamination by disinfectants and ensure the efficiency and accuracy of the test.

At present, in the bacterial testing link of urinary tract infection, the following problems are analyzed and corresponding treatment measures are taken:

1. Clean midstream urine: Start urinating, drain the front urine, and drain about 10mL-20mL of midstream urine directly into a special sterile container, send it for examination immediately, and inoculate it within 2 hours. This method is simple and easy to use. It is the most commonly used method for collecting urine culture specimens, so it is also a method that is currently widely used in clinical practice.

2. Suprapubic bladder puncture: Using a sterile syringe to penetrate the bladder directly from the pubic bone through the skin to absorb urine is the gold standard method for evaluating bacterial infection in the bladder, but it is painful and difficult for patients to accept. In the future development process, the technology must be optimized and improved as necessary to effectively reduce the pain of patients, so that patients can accept the test method, and also give play to the advantages of the test, improve the effect and quality of the examination, and provide various data information for the clinic.

3. Direct catheterization: After local disinfection of the perineum according to conventional methods, a catheter is directly inserted into the bladder through the urethra to obtain bladder urine, which can reduce urine specimen contamination and accurately reflect the bladder infection. However, it is possible to introduce lower urinary tract bacteria into the bladder, leading to secondary infection, so it is generally not recommended. Therefore, in the process of testing, advanced technologies should be gradually developed to avoid the problem of secondary infection of patients and to ensure the accuracy of the test.

4. Pediatric collection bag: For children without self-control ability, the collection bag can be used to collect urine. This device is only meaningful when the test result is negative because it is difficult to avoid false positives caused by perineal flora contamination. If the test result is positive, it should be analyzed in combination with clinical practice. If necessary, suprapubic bladder puncture or catheterization can be used to collect urine for re-examination.

5. Collect urine with an indwelling catheter: When collecting specimens with an indwelling catheter, the outside of the catheter should be disinfected first, and the urine should be extracted by puncturing the catheter with a syringe according to aseptic operation methods. Disinfectants should be prevented from mixing in during the operation, and care should be taken not to collect urine from a urine collection bag.

In short, after patients with urinary tract infection enter the hospital, we should strengthen bacterial testing and analysis, understand the existing problems, and improve the accuracy of testing and detection, so as to quickly understand the problems of urinary tract infection, understand the pathogenic bacteria, and take reasonable and effective countermeasures to achieve a comprehensive improvement in treatment effects. At the same time, combined with the actual conditions of different regions and hospitals, we should select the best measures for urinary tract infection bacterial testing, conduct relevant drug sensitivity tests, strengthen the diagnosis of urinary tract infection, select the best antibiotics for treatment, and promote the improvement of treatment levels. In addition, we should strengthen the research and development and use of advanced urinary tract infection bacterial testing and detection technologies, eliminate the various problems existing in the current clinical testing process, and then continuously improve the level of urinary tract infection bacterial testing, so as to provide patients with reasonable treatment methods, eliminate the influence of various negative factors, promote the overall improvement of testing and detection effects, and provide support for the smooth development of urinary tract infection treatment and the recovery of patients' health.

Author: Chen Min, Laboratory Department, Sichuan Provincial Fifth People's Hospital