Research and practice on primary school students' eye habits and vision care

Research and practice on primary school students' eye habits and vision care

Yin Jing from Longhua Primary School, Lubei District, Tangshan City

1. Historical Background

The vision problems of primary school students are mainly due to their bad eye habits, the increase of electronic devices such as computers and mobile phones, less physical activities, lack of active vision protection measures, etc., especially myopia, which has been increasing year by year and has received widespread attention from all walks of life. In this regard, we should conduct a full study and analysis of the vision problems of primary school students, find measures to maintain their vision, and develop good eye habits, so as to reduce the many troubles and inconveniences caused by myopia to primary school students. Through analysis, investigation and testing, we know that the vision problems of primary school students can be effectively improved by developing good eye habits and taking different degrees of vision maintenance measures.

II. Investigation and Research

According to the results of vision test, the school conducted an in-depth investigation and research on students. According to the investigation and statistics, about 70% of students with poor vision are caused by long-term viewing of computers, playing with mobile phones, watching TV, reading books, etc. Of course, there are other reasons.

1. Survey Results

1. Among all the students surveyed, the vast majority believe that good eyesight is very important to them, but they do not know what adverse effects myopia will have on them.

2. Most primary school students know that they should maintain the correct posture when reading and doing homework, but through interviews with students' parents and teachers, we learned that most of the time, children cannot maintain the correct posture when studying, and their eyes are too close to the book. Some children like to read extracurricular books on the way. After returning home, many children like to climb on the bed to read.

3. When we interviewed primary school students, we learned that although the school has reduced the burden on students, parents' mentality of wanting their children to be successful still makes the current primary school students have a heavy learning task. They have a lot of homework exercises during the weekdays, and they still have to attend various cram schools during the summer vacation. The daily study time is mostly more than two hours. After reading and writing for a long time, most of them do not relieve their eyesight in time, for example, they cannot insist on doing eye exercises, do not look far away in time, close their eyes and rest, etc.

4. Primary school students have little knowledge of eye care and are not used to washing their hands before rubbing their eyes. They like to watch TV for a long time and at a close distance. Some primary school students play computer games for a long time without their parents knowing.

2. Survey results and recommendations

Based on understanding the reasons for students' poor eyesight, our school has developed a set of scientific methods for using eyes: three musts, five don'ts, and three ones, which have timely and effectively prevented the spread of poor eyesight.

The three essentials are: keep the correct posture when reading and writing; go outdoors or look into the distance for a while after reading or writing for 40 minutes; do eye exercises carefully and press the acupoints accurately.

Five things not to do are: Don't read or write in dim light or direct sunlight; don't read while lying in bed, on the bus or while walking; don't read materials with too small fonts, too dense lines, or unclear printing; don't use light-colored pencils to do homework; don't watch TV, computer, or mobile phone for too long.

The three ones are: one foot, one fist, and one inch. That is, when reading and writing, the eyes should be kept one foot away from the table; there should be a distance of a small fist between the body and the desk; when holding a pen, the hand should be kept one inch away from the tip of the pen.

Students with poor eyesight are advised to: first, develop good hygiene habits, eat properly, exercise, and ensure physical and mental health; second, correct bad habits and develop good eye hygiene; third, go to an ophthalmology hospital for regular eye examinations, especially for patients with high myopia, and receive timely treatment.

III. Specific measures

1. Improving the teaching environment

1. Ensure that each classroom has sufficient light. At the beginning of each semester, the logistics department will arrange for people to check the light tubes in each classroom and replace the ones that don’t light up. If any light tubes are found to be not light up, the class teacher will report it to the school in time, and the school will arrange for people to replace them in time.

2. Dark curtains are installed in each classroom to prevent the blackboard from reflecting light. When teachers are not using electronic screens during class, they should not draw the curtains to ensure that the classroom is bright. On cloudy days, teachers should turn on the lights in time to increase the brightness of the room.

3. The height of desks and chairs shall be adjusted at the beginning of each school year. Each class shall select the corresponding types of desks and chairs according to the height standards of students, with comfort being the priority.

4. The school stipulates that seats should be changed at least once every two weeks, in a row rotation, so that students on both sides are not always in a squinting position. The class teacher can also make changes according to the actual situation of the students, such as personality, hearing, vision, study mutual aid groups, etc.

5. Adhere to doing eye exercises. Every morning after the second class and in the afternoon after the first class, the school will use radio music to command all students to do eye exercises. When doing eye exercises, the teacher of the class is required to patrol between the rows and correct the students' movements at any time, so as to ensure that the students press the acupoints accurately and ensure the quality.

6. Regular vision testing. In accordance with the requirements of the superiors, the school has established a vision monitoring system. Every semester, the school invites Jidong Eye Hospital to check the vision of all students in the school, conducts statistical analysis of various indicators such as the detection rate of poor vision and the incidence of new cases, establishes a "Vision Health File" for all students, and conducts graded management for students with a trend of declining vision and mild myopia.

(2) Develop good eye habits.

1. Cultivate students' good eye habits, that is, the posture of reading and writing should be correct, the distance between eyes and books should be one foot, the chest should be one fist away from the table, and the hand should be one inch away from the pen tip; take a short break after reading or writing for an hour, and look into the distance appropriately. Every teacher should remind and correct students' bad sitting posture and eye habits from time to time, and each class should take the correct reading and writing posture of students as an important task of routine management.

2. Teachers should prepare lessons carefully, demand efficiency from the 40 minutes, be well aware of the time, avoid dragging out classes, and ensure a 10-minute break between classes to reduce students' visual fatigue.

3. When writing on the blackboard in class, teachers should be organized, with neat handwriting, not writing in cursive, and the font size should be appropriate to ensure that students can easily recognize it.

4. During breaks, students are required to go outdoors or look into the distance.

5. Educate students not to spend too much time reading books, newspapers or watching TV. They should do eye exercises or eye exercises with their eyes closed every half hour.

(III) Strengthen publicity and education to create an atmosphere of "loving and protecting eyes"

1. Use school broadcasts, window displays, health knowledge lectures and other forms of publicity to educate students on protecting their eyesight and preventing myopia. Each class should use class meetings, class newspapers or posters to regularly educate students on preventing myopia, encourage students to eat more vegetables and fruits, and not be picky eaters, so as to create a good atmosphere of loving and protecting eyes in the class.

2. Distribute publicity materials to students and their parents to expand the publicity. Require parents to control the time students spend watching TV and using computers, and educate children to watch TV at an appropriate distance and for an appropriate time. According to surveys, the development speed and degree of myopia caused by excessive watching TV and using computers are more serious than those caused by studying.

4. Reduce students’ study burden and enhance their physical fitness.

(1) In accordance with the “double reduction” policy, students’ break time must be guaranteed and teachers must end classes on time and not delay classes.

(2) Carefully implement the "School Health Work Regulations" that "primary school students should not study for more than six hours a day". Strictly control the amount of homework for students and ensure that the quality of homework is within 40 minutes. The daily homework time for students is as follows:

A. Generally, no written homework is assigned to students in grades one and two.

B. The daily homework for third and fourth graders generally does not exceed 30 minutes.

C. Grade 4 generally does not exceed 45 minutes.

(3) Strictly control the number of tests and examinations. Cancel midterm examinations and conduct one test per semester in Chinese, mathematics and English.

(4) Strengthen the leadership of physical activities, adhere to the "three lessons", "two exercises" and "three activities" to ensure that students have one hour of physical activity time every day, and persevere in this process to enhance students' physical fitness and improve their resistance to disease.

5. Give good health education lessons

(1) Schools order health education textbooks.

(2) Each class will have two health classes per month according to the teaching requirements. They are required to write lesson plans before class. The teaching methods are required to strengthen the horizontal connection with various subjects and form diversified requirements. Attention should be paid to guiding practice and checking the results.

Teachers play a very important guiding role in protecting the eyesight of primary school students. It is very important to pay attention to the supervision of students during daily eye exercises, strictly regulate students in class, pay attention to their sitting posture, emphasize their reading methods, and emphasize reducing the use of electronic products. Protecting eyes is everyone's responsibility. It is a long-term task to cultivate students to develop good eye hygiene habits and maintain students' eyesight. In future work, the school will continue to explore and strive to enable every student to transform scientific methods into conscious habits in daily life, so that everyone has healthy and bright eyes and enjoys the beauty of life happily.