Young people should also be wary of myocardial infarction!

When it comes to myocardial infarction, do you think of elderly people over 70 years old? Or patients with coronary heart disease? In fact, in recent years, myocardial infarction has occurred frequently in young people, and it is showing a trend of getting younger. Among all cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, myocardial infarction has the highest mortality rate. According to statistics, the mortality rate of acute myocardial infarction in my country has been 23.7/100,000 people in the past 10 years, ranking second among the causes of death from various diseases. At present, there are about 400,000 new patients with acute myocardial infarction in my country each year, among which the incidence rate is higher among young people. What causes myocardial infarction? How to prevent it? If you unfortunately get a myocardial infarction, how should it be treated? Don't worry, this article will talk to you about it.

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1. What is myocardial infarction?

Myocardial infarction refers to a disease in which severe atherosclerosis occurs in the coronary arteries, the lumen is narrowed by more than 75%, resulting in interruption of blood flow and myocardial necrosis due to ischemia and hypoxia. Clinically, common symptoms of myocardial infarction include:

1. Chest pain: Some patients experience severe pain behind the sternum or in front of the heart, or persistent chest tightness, palpitations and other symptoms, which are often mistaken for angina pectoris. However, the location of severe pain is not necessarily the heart, but may involve the front chest, back, stomach, shoulders, etc.

2. Systemic symptoms: Some patients may experience dizziness, cold sweats, fatigue, etc.

3. Other symptoms: Some patients may also experience gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal distension and abdominal pain.

4. Autonomic dysfunction: manifested as sweating, irritability, nausea and vomiting, palpitations, etc.

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Clinically, if the above symptoms occur, it should be considered whether you have myocardial infarction. In diagnosis, electrocardiogram is one of the most commonly used auxiliary examinations. Patients with myocardial infarction often have typical ST segment changes and T wave changes. In addition, it should be noted that different groups of people have different sensitivities to myocardial infarction, which is related to the cause and pathogenesis of myocardial infarction. For example, people with coronary heart disease (especially unstable angina), diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and other diseases are more likely to suffer from myocardial infarction. Although it is not common in clinical practice, young people may also suffer from it.

2. What situations are likely to cause myocardial infarction?

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1. Smoking: Studies have shown that long-term smoking can make atherosclerotic plaques unstable, prone to thrombosis, and lead to vascular occlusion.

2. Hypertensive patients are more likely to suffer from blood vessel blockage due to early formation of atherosclerosis.

3. Excessive blood lipids can form atherosclerotic plaques, which can easily form blood clots on the blood vessel walls.

4. The blood vessels of diabetic patients often have chronic inflammatory reactions. When blood sugar is high, a large number of inflammatory cells will infiltrate the blood vessels, and these inflammatory cells are often risk factors for myocardial infarction.

5. Obese patients have too much body fat, which can easily lead to increased blood viscosity and atherosclerosis. Arteriosclerosis can easily lead to thrombosis and blockage of blood vessels.

6. Hyperhomocysteinemia: Studies have found that hyperhomocysteinemia may increase the risk of coronary heart disease and is related to the formation of atherosclerosis. It may also be related to elevated homocysteine ​​levels.

3. Why do young people also suffer from heart attacks?

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Many people believe that myocardial infarction is a disease exclusive to the elderly. In fact, myocardial infarction is also on the rise among young people. It is one of the most serious cardiovascular diseases. According to statistics in recent years, one person in my country suffers from myocardial infarction every 10 seconds, and there are about 200,000 new myocardial infarction patients each year. In recent years, myocardial infarction has gradually become younger, which is closely related to the living habits and eating habits of young people.

First, young people are under great work pressure and mental stress. Due to work pressure and fast pace, many young people are in a state of high tension for a long time. Coupled with the fast pace of life, lack of exercise and timely ways to relieve stress, it is easy to cause cardiovascular diseases such as coronary heart disease and myocardial infarction in the long run. In addition, long-term overwork and mental stress may also induce myocardial infarction.

Secondly, bad eating habits can also increase the risk of myocardial infarction. Young people like to eat high-calorie, high-fat foods, such as barbecue and fried foods. These foods contain a lot of unhealthy ingredients such as trans fatty acids and cholesterol. Long-term intake of these unhealthy ingredients can lead to arteriosclerosis and coronary heart disease.

Bad living habits can also increase the risk of myocardial infarction: staying up late and lack of sleep can not only lead to decreased immunity and endocrine disorders, but also easily induce cardiovascular diseases such as coronary heart disease and myocardial infarction. Finally, there is the impact of negative emotions. Young people often like to keep unhappy things in their hearts when they encounter unhappy things at work or in life. In the long run, it is easy to cause psychological problems and even depression. And negative emotions such as excessive depression, anger, and tension can induce myocardial infarction.

4. Precursors of Myocardial Infarction

There are many signs of myocardial infarction, and it is difficult to judge. However, some symptoms are more common and can be detected early. These symptoms may be typical or atypical.

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1. Upper abdominal pain and toothache are the most common precursors of myocardial infarction. Usually, the pain of myocardial infarction does not radiate to other parts of the patient's body, but is limited to the precordial area, with severe and persistent pain that cannot be relieved by rest or taking nitroglycerin. If you have frequent toothaches recently and it is difficult to relieve, and even accompanied by symptoms such as nausea and vomiting, you should pay special attention. This may also be a precursor to myocardial infarction. In addition, it may also be accompanied by chest tenderness, dyspnea and other symptoms.

2. Palpitation and shortness of breath: If you suddenly experience palpitation and shortness of breath recently, accompanied by chest tightness, you should highly suspect whether it is a precursor to myocardial infarction. Once palpitation and shortness of breath occur, you must seek medical attention in time.

3. Dizziness and fatigue: If you have no other diseases but experience dizziness and fatigue, it may be a precursor to myocardial infarction. This often happens during physical activities, emotional excitement or overwork. Especially for the elderly, if the above conditions occur, they should seek medical attention in time.

4. Pale complexion: If your complexion is usually ruddy and shiny, but suddenly turns pale or bloodless, and your lips turn purple, it may also be a precursor to myocardial infarction. This is due to hypoxia caused by ischemia of the heart. This means that myocardial necrosis has occurred.

5. Nausea and vomiting: After a myocardial infarction, it is common to experience gastrointestinal discomfort due to lack of nutrition. If this condition is severe and lasts for a period of time, it may also be a precursor to a myocardial infarction.

All of the above symptoms will not appear alone. It is often the case that we will only notice them when multiple symptoms appear at the same time. If you experience persistent chest pain, chest tightness, cold sweats, etc., especially after staying up late and being overly tired, you should be more vigilant and seek medical attention in time.