Knowledge on prevention of infectious diseases in spring

PART TWO

A guide to common infectious diseases prevention knowledge

Spring is a season of high incidence of diseases, especially infectious diseases. Common infectious diseases include influenza, hand, foot and mouth disease, measles, chickenpox, mumps, rubella, intestinal infectious diseases, and the new coronavirus . In order to ensure the safety of children, in addition to doing a good job of propaganda and education for children, carefully opening windows for ventilation, and cleaning and disinfecting the campus, we also hope that parents can do the following:

1. Preventive measures for common infectious diseases in spring

1. Wash your hands frequently

Frequent hand washing is an important measure to prevent respiratory infectious diseases such as influenza. It is recommended to wash hands frequently , especially after coughing or sneezing, before eating or after contact with polluted environments.

2. Keep the environment clean and ventilated

Keep your home clean and well ventilated . Clean the room regularly and open windows for ventilation for a certain period of time every day.

3. The weather is changeable, please add or remove clothes in time

In spring, the amount of clothing should be increased or decreased appropriately , and should be adjusted in time according to weather conditions. Also, pay attention to the phenomenon that children sweat more after exercise and are more likely to catch a cold.

4. Try to avoid going to crowded places

During the high incidence season of respiratory infectious diseases, try to avoid crowded public places to reduce the chance of contact with sick people. Try to avoid contact with patients with respiratory infections and wear a mask at ordinary times.

5. Maintain good hygiene habits

When coughing or sneezing, cover your mouth and nose with a tissue or towel, wash your hands after coughing or sneezing , and try to avoid touching your eyes, nose or mouth with your hands.

6. If you have any symptoms, you should rest at home and seek medical attention as soon as possible.

If a child has symptoms such as fever or cough, he should be allowed to rest at home. He should wear a mask in public places to avoid spreading the virus to other people. If the symptoms are severe, he should go to the hospital as soon as possible to get effective treatment in time.

7. Get relevant vaccines in time

Common infectious diseases generally have vaccines, and timely vaccination is the best way to prevent the occurrence of infectious diseases.

2. Spring Diet Precautions

1. Ensure adequate supply of calcium

Spring is a good season for children to grow taller. Children's height growth is mainly the result of bone development, and the main component of bone is calcium. Foods rich in calcium include milk, meat, dried shrimps, sesame, kelp, etc. Children should not be allowed to eat too much sugar, chocolate, and sweet drinks, because they contain more phosphates, which will hinder the absorption and metabolism of calcium in the body.

2. Take more vitamin C

Vitamin C can improve immunity and disease resistance , and plays an important role in children's bodies, so they should try to eat more vegetables and fruits containing vitamin C. Such as: citrus, apples, tomatoes, green vegetables, jujubes, etc.

3. Eating more whole grains and whole grains is good for you

Coarse grains and whole grains can supplement the human body with trace elements, various vitamins and fiber. You can eat more coarse grains and whole grains, such as corn, millet, sweet potatoes, dried beans , etc.

A healthy lifestyle is very important for preventing diseases. For the health of you and your children, you must enhance your awareness of self-protection.

Common infectious diseases and prevention in spring

1. Influenza

Influenza is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by influenza virus and is highly contagious. The incubation period is 1 to 3 days, and the main symptoms are fever, headache, runny nose, sore throat, dry cough, muscle and joint pain, etc. The fever usually lasts for 3 to 4 days, and it may also manifest as severe pneumonia or gastrointestinal influenza.

Precautions

1. Wash your hands according to the prescribed procedures before meals, after defecation, and when returning from outside. Cover your mouth and nose with toilet paper when sneezing, coughing, and cleaning your nose. Do not mix personal hygiene products.

2. Natural ventilation can effectively reduce the number of microorganisms in indoor air and is the simplest and most effective method of indoor air disinfection.

3. Common infectious diseases generally have vaccines now, and preventive vaccines are an active means to prevent the occurrence of infectious diseases.

4. Actively participate in physical exercise , go to the suburbs and outdoors more often to breathe fresh air, and exercise every day to keep the body's qi and blood flowing, stretch the muscles and bones, and enhance physical fitness.

5. Since spring infectious diseases often have cold-like symptoms in the early stages and are easily ignored, seek medical attention promptly if you feel unwell, especially if you have a fever. A clear diagnosis and treatment should be made as soon as possible . If there is an infectious disease, isolation measures should be taken immediately to prevent the spread of the disease.

2. Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease

Hand, foot and mouth disease is an infectious disease caused by enterovirus, characterized by fever and rashes or herpes on the hands, feet, mouth, etc. A small number of children may suffer from damage to the central nervous system and respiratory system, and some severely ill children may progress rapidly and die easily.

Precautions

1. Children should wash their hands with soap or hand sanitizer before meals, after defecation, and after going out and coming home; caregivers should wash their hands before contacting children, changing diapers for children, and after handling feces.

2. Pay attention to maintaining a clean home environment , ventilate the room frequently, and dry clothes and quilts frequently.

3. Tableware should be thoroughly cleaned and disinfected before and after use; do not drink raw water or eat raw or cold food.

4. During the peak period of hand, foot and mouth disease, it is not advisable to take children to public places where crowds gather and air circulation is poor, and avoid contact with sick children .

5. Children should go to the hospital promptly if they have fever, rash or other related symptoms.

6. Children with hand, foot and mouth disease who are treated at home should avoid contact with other children to reduce cross infection ; parents should promptly dry or disinfect the children's clothes and disinfect the children's feces in a timely manner.

3. Chickenpox

Chickenpox is an acute infectious disease caused by the initial infection of the varicella-zoster virus. It mainly occurs in infants and preschool children. It is highly contagious in winter and spring. It is contagious from 1 to 2 days before the onset of the disease until the rash dries and crusts. It can be transmitted by contact or droplet inhalation. The incidence rate of susceptible children who come into contact with the source of infection can reach more than 95%.

Precautions

1. Avoid contact with patients . If there are cases of chickenpox in your area, do not take your children to crowded places, and try not to go to hospitals, as these are places where bacteria and viruses gather.

2. Isolation and observation . If a child has accidentally come into direct contact with the patient's chickenpox fluid, utensils contaminated by the patient, or is likely to be touched by the patient's droplets, the child should be isolated and observed for two to three weeks.

3. Enhance resistance . Children should exercise more, keep exercising, and eat more foods rich in vitamin C to improve their resistance to disease.

4. Vaccination . Vaccination against varicella is the most effective preventive measure at present. Because varicella has the characteristic of long-lasting immunity, once infected, it will almost never occur again. Therefore, it is recommended that parents take their children to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for vaccination.

4. Mumps

Mumps is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by the mumps virus. It is highly contagious. 75% of patients experience bilateral parotid gland swelling, obvious pain, fever, chills, headache and other cold-like symptoms.

The virus is spread through the air by droplets of saliva or respiratory secretions from patients and healthy carriers. Utensils or toys contaminated by the saliva of patients and virus carriers can also cause infection if they come into contact with the mouth of susceptible people in a short period of time.

Precautions

1. When mumps is prevalent, try not to take your children to crowded places, and don't play or party with children who have mumps .

2. Pay attention to ventilation in the classroom and maintain air circulation.

3. Educate children to develop good personal hygiene habits , participate in more physical exercises, and enhance their physical fitness.

4. There should be health teachers in schools to monitor, conduct regular inspections, increase morning checkups, and provide health education. If suspicious cases are found, medical observation should be carried out in a timely manner. If an epidemic occurs, it should be reported to the local health and epidemic prevention department in a timely manner, and the activity venue should be disinfected. At the same time, emergency vaccination containing mumps vaccines should be carried out for susceptible populations as soon as possible.

5. Susceptible persons (those who have never had the disease or have not been vaccinated) who have had contact with patients with infectious mumps should be closely monitored .

4. Novel Coronavirus

1. Although the COVID-19 epidemic has been fully lifted, we still need to protect ourselves and be the first person responsible for our own health.

2. Adhere to personal protection: remember the "three-piece set of epidemic prevention" (wear a mask, maintain social distance, and pay attention to personal hygiene), try to reduce visits to closed public places such as theaters, amusement parks, and supermarkets, and wash your hands and disinfect frequently after returning home.

3. Work together to monitor the health of young children, and take timely prevention and control measures if anyone is infected.

4. Strengthen daily health monitoring. For example, if there are 11 symptoms such as fever, cough, headache, fatigue, sore throat, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, conjunctival redness and swelling, parotid gland enlargement, and rash, strictly implement the "rest when experiencing symptoms" policy and do not study while sick.

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