What is photosynthesis and what is its principle? What is electron transfer in photosynthesis?

For green plants, during sunny days, the leaves of green plants will use the energy of sunlight to carry out photosynthesis. Green plants use the sun's light energy to assimilate carbon dioxide and water to produce organic matter and release oxygen. The organic matter produced by photosynthesis is mainly carbohydrates, and it releases energy. Isn't it amazing? Let's take a look at the principle of how they do this? Are you interested?

Contents of this article

1. What is photosynthesis and what is its principle

2. What is electron transfer in photosynthesis?

3. How do leaves carry out photosynthesis?

What is photosynthesis and what is its principle

Photosynthesis is the process by which producers such as plants, algae and some bacteria use light energy to convert carbon dioxide, water or hydrogen sulfide into carbohydrates.

Principle of photosynthesis:

Green plants use the sun's light energy to assimilate carbon dioxide and water to produce organic matter and release oxygen. The organic matter produced by photosynthesis is mainly carbohydrates, which release energy.

The process of photosynthesis:

Light reaction: When light shines on the pigment molecules of plants, its energy is absorbed and converted into the difference in hydrogen ion concentration inside and outside the chloroplast membrane, which then acts on ATP synthase, leading to the synthesis of ATP.

Dark reaction: Plants absorb carbon dioxide and combine it with sugar. With the participation of enzymes, it reacts with water to generate reduced sugar (carbon chain growth) and oxygen. This process consumes ATP, which is a dark reaction. Then, after a cycle, sugars for combining with carbon dioxide can be regenerated. During the cycle, the carbon in carbon dioxide is converted into carbon in sugars, achieving carbon fixation. After a cycle, the amount of sugar increases.

What is electron transfer in photosynthesis?

Most of the energy released in glucose metabolism is accomplished by the electron transfer system or electron transfer chain including molecular oxygen. The electron transfer chain is a series of electron transfer bodies present on the inner membrane of mitochondria, such as various cytochromes, etc. Molecular oxygen is the last electron acceptor in the electron transfer chain. In the electron transfer chain, the redox reactions of each electron transfer body are sequentially transmitted from high energy level to low energy level. The energy released during the transfer process is stored in ATP through phosphorylation. The formation of ATP occurs on the inner membrane of mitochondria. Oxidative phosphorylation: Phosphorylation is closely related to the electron transfer of the oxidation process. It is different from substrate-level phosphorylation.

How do leaves photosynthesize?

For green plants, during sunny days, their leaves will use the energy of sunlight to carry out photosynthesis to obtain the nutrients necessary for growth and development. The key participants in this process are the chloroplasts inside. Under the action of sunlight, the chloroplasts convert the carbon dioxide that enters the leaves through the stomata and the water absorbed by the roots into starch, while releasing oxygen.