It is recommended to give your baby several types of second-class self-paid vaccines

The so-called Class II vaccines refer to vaccines that are used for disease prevention and are voluntary and at one's own expense. Although there is no mandatory vaccination, it is of great significance to babies and is an important means of preventing corresponding infectious diseases. Therefore, parents are advised to vaccinate their children with the following Class II vaccines if possible, including the two vaccines for preventing pneumonia that are the highest priority recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO).

1. Pneumococcal vaccine:

The main pathogen of bacterial pneumonia in children under 5 years old is pneumococcus. In addition, the bacteria can also cause other infectious diseases in children, such as otitis media, meningitis, bacteremia, etc. my country currently has two vaccines to prevent children from being infected with pneumococcus, namely 13-valent polysaccharide conjugate vaccine and 23-valent polysaccharide vaccine.

The 13-valent vaccine can prevent pneumonia caused by 13 pneumococcal serotypes, while the 23-valent vaccine has a wider range of prevention, preventing pneumonia caused by 23 pneumococcal serotypes. However, because the immune system function of children under 2 years old is less developed, only polysaccharide conjugate vaccine (please note: the difference between the polysaccharide vaccine and the vaccine is only the word "conjugate", but the process is very different!) can more effectively stimulate the baby to produce antibodies and achieve the effect of effectively preventing diseases. Therefore, the two vaccines are suitable for different groups of people.

① 13-valent polysaccharide conjugate vaccine: for babies aged 6 weeks to 15 months. One dose each at 2, 4, and 6 months, and a booster dose at 12-15 months. (The first dose can also be started at 1.5 months old)

② 23-valent polysaccharide vaccine: for children over 2 years old. 1 shot; if revaccination is needed, the interval is 5 years.

2. Haemophilus influenzae vaccine:

Haemophilus influenzae is also a common cause of bacterial pneumonia and meningitis in children under 5 years old, with an incidence rate second only to pneumococcal infection. You can choose one of the following, but in order to reduce the number of vaccinations for your baby, let your baby suffer less, and save time for parents, it is better to choose a combined vaccine.

① Haemophilus influenzae conjugate vaccine: Suitable for babies aged 2 months to 5 years, one shot each at 2, 3, and 4 months of age, and a booster shot at 18 months of age (or one booster shot at 1.5-5 years of age in the interval year).

② Pentavalent vaccine: It can prevent diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, poliomyelitis, and Haemophilus influenzae type b. One shot each at 2, 3, and 4 months of age or 3, 4, and 5 months of age, and a booster shot at 18 months of age.

③ Quadruple vaccine: It can prevent diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, and Haemophilus influenzae type b. One shot each at 3, 4, and 5 months of age, and a booster shot at 18-24 months of age.

④ Triple vaccine: It is a combined vaccine for the prevention of group A and C meningococci and type b Haemophilus influenzae. One shot each at 2, 3, and 4 months of age. The advantage of this combined vaccine is that the group A and C meningococcal vaccines are polysaccharide conjugate vaccines with good immune effects, which can prevent the occurrence of such diseases in babies earlier, and exempt the subsequent vaccination of meningococcal polysaccharide vaccines at 6 and 9 months of age, reducing the pain of babies.

3. Flu vaccine:

Influenza is different from the common cold. Especially for children, it may cause serious complications and endanger life, so it is strongly recommended to get the flu vaccine. Even if you get the flu after vaccination, the symptoms will be milder and less likely to develop into a serious illness. However, because the protection time of the flu vaccine is about one year, and the virus strains that are prevalent each year are different, you need to get a new flu vaccine every year before the epidemic season arrives (strongly recommended before the end of October each year).

There are currently three types of influenza vaccines on the market in China: ① Trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine: suitable for infants and young children aged 6-35 months. ② Quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccine: suitable for children over 3 years old and adults. ③ Trivalent nasal spray influenza live attenuated vaccine: suitable for children and adolescents aged 3-17 years.

Children aged 6 months and above can start vaccination ①, and children aged 3 years and above can choose vaccination ② or ③.

Doses: Babies aged 6 months to 8 years: 2 doses for first-time vaccination or those who have received less than 2 doses in the past, with an interval of ≥ 4 weeks between the two doses. For those who have received 2 or more doses in the past, 1 dose. Children aged 9 years and above and adults: 1 dose.

4. Rotavirus vaccine:

Diarrhea in children in autumn and winter is mostly caused by rotavirus, also known as "autumn diarrhea". It is the main pathogen that causes severe dehydration diarrhea in infants and young children. There are currently two vaccines:

① Oral rotavirus live attenuated vaccine: suitable for children aged 2 months to 3 years, once a year, a full course of 3 doses, administered before the disease epidemic.

② Oral pentavalent reassortant rotavirus live attenuated vaccine: includes five types of rotavirus, with a wider range of prevention. Suitable for babies aged 6-32 weeks, the first dose is at 6-12 weeks, a total of 3 doses, each dose is 4-12 weeks apart, and it should be completed before 32 weeks of age.

5. Hand, foot and mouth disease vaccine:

It is a common infectious disease in children aged 5 and under, with a high incidence in spring and summer. Among them, enteric EV71 virus is most likely to cause severe hand, foot and mouth disease and endanger life. Therefore, vaccination can minimize the possibility of severe illness and death. Protect your baby to the greatest extent.

EV71 inactivated vaccine: Suitable for children aged 6 months to 5 years. Two injections are required, with an interval of more than one month. It is recommended that infants and young children older than 6 months be vaccinated as early as possible, and it is encouraged to complete the vaccination program before 12 months of age so that the protective effect can be exerted as early as possible. Whether it will need to be strengthened in the future is not yet clear.

6. Varicella vaccine:

Chickenpox is a common respiratory infectious disease in children. It is highly contagious and in severe cases may cause pneumonia and encephalitis. If the affected skin is scratched, it may leave scars.

Varicella live attenuated vaccine: Suitable for children aged 12 months to 12 years. The first dose is given at 12-15 months of age, and the second dose is given at 4-6 years of age, with an interval of ≥ 3 months between the two doses.

7. Meningococcal A+C combined vaccine:

It is mainly used to prevent epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis in children. As mentioned above, the combined vaccine A+C can achieve satisfactory immune effects on young infants and children, and can prevent meningococcal meningitis caused by both group A and group C meningococci.

① Group A+C polysaccharide conjugate vaccine: Suitable for children over 6 months old (some manufacturers' vaccines can be administered from 3 months old), replacing Class I vaccines and administered at 6 and 9 months of age.

② Choose the aforementioned triple vaccine, one shot each at 2, 3, and 4 months of age.