Teach you to beware of these three common infectious diseases in spring

Spring is the most beautiful season and the golden time for travel and vacation. However, you must pay attention to your health and safety when going out, especially beware of these three common infectious diseases.

measles

Measles is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by the measles virus, with a seasonal peak from March to May each year. As the virus spreads rapidly, it is one of the most contagious infectious diseases and is a Class B infectious disease that must be reported in my country.

Measles patients are the only source of infection. The virus can be spread through droplets or direct contact with the nasopharyngeal secretions of infected people. The general population is susceptible. The main symptoms are fever, red maculopapular rash, accompanied by cough, runny nose, tearing, photophobia, sore throat, general fatigue and other symptoms. Some cases may also be accompanied by serious complications such as pneumonia.

At present, the most effective preventive measure is measles vaccination. Taking Beijing as an example, children of appropriate age can receive three doses of measles vaccine for free. At the same time, in order to protect the health of migrant workers from other provinces and their children, Beijing also provides free measles vaccination for migrant workers from March to May every year, and free measles vaccination for their children under the age of 6.

During the peak measles season, we would like to remind everyone to pay attention to 4 points.

First, enhance self-protection, pay attention to wearing masks, and try to avoid going to crowded public places with poor air circulation.

Second, if you have fever, rash, cough and other symptoms, go to the hospital for treatment as soon as possible, and please wear a mask when you see a doctor. If you are diagnosed with measles by the hospital, you should follow the doctor's instructions for treatment and isolation, and do not go to work or school while sick to prevent the virus from spreading to your family, classmates or colleagues.

Third, timely vaccination is necessary to protect children's health. Parents must take their children to get measles vaccination according to the appointment time of the vaccination clinic. If it is found that the child has missed the vaccination, he/she should go to the vaccination clinic as soon as possible to get the vaccination.

Fourth, enterprises, businesses, service places and other units with a large number of migrant workers should take the initiative to contact the vaccination clinics of community health service centers and actively organize employees to receive measles vaccines. When going to places with high mobility of people such as shopping malls, cinemas, and hospitals, everyone should also wear masks and take appropriate protection, especially when accompanying patients to see doctors or receive infusions, and take good protection to minimize the time spent in the hospital.

rubella

Rubella is a respiratory infectious disease caused by rubella virus. It is prevalent in spring and the general population is susceptible. After infection with the virus, early symptoms include fever and cough, followed by light red maculopapular rashes that first appear on the face and quickly spread throughout the body.

When children are sick, the illness is usually mild. However, when pregnant women suffer from rubella, it may lead to fetal death or congenital defects such as congenital heart disease, cataracts, deafness, etc., which is called congenital rubella syndrome.

It is understood that Beijing has included vaccines containing rubella components in its immunization plan, that is, one dose of measles-mumps-rubella combined live attenuated vaccine is given free of charge to children aged 8 months, 18 months and 6 years. With the increase in the vaccination rate of children, adults, especially women of childbearing age, have gradually become the main body of rubella cases.

At present, Beijing has entered the peak period of rubella. To avoid virus infection, we remind everyone: children of school age who have not been vaccinated according to the procedure should go to the local vaccination clinic for vaccination as soon as possible. Adults with unknown vaccination history are also recommended to receive a dose of vaccine containing rubella ingredients. For children and adults who have not been vaccinated, they should try to avoid public places where people gather, and pregnant women should avoid contact with rubella patients.

In addition, windows should be opened frequently for indoor ventilation. If symptoms of fever or rash occur, go to the hospital promptly. After being diagnosed with rubella, contact with people around you should be avoided.

chicken pox

Chickenpox is an acute infectious disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus, which is mainly transmitted through respiratory droplets and direct contact with varicella herpes fluid, and can also be transmitted through utensils contaminated by the virus, such as toys, stationery, door handles, etc. Like other infectious diseases, chickenpox has an epidemic season. The peak period of disease is from May to July and from October to January of the following year.

The disease is highly contagious and the general population is susceptible, but it is more common in children. In the epidemic season, after infection with the varicella virus, early prodromal symptoms such as fever, general discomfort, fatigue, and sore throat may occur.

When chickenpox occurs, the rash first appears on the head and trunk, and gradually spreads to the limbs. It is initially red macules, then turns into papules and develops into herpes. One or two days after the herpes, the center of the herpes begins to dry up and form a scab, and the redness of the surrounding skin disappears. After a few days, the scab falls off. It is common to see maculopapular rashes, blisters, and scabs at the same site. If there are no complications, it can heal itself in about two weeks.

It is worth noting that patients with chickenpox are the main source of infection for the disease, and patients with mild symptoms are easily ignored or misdiagnosed. For newborns or people with weakened immune function, chickenpox can be a fatal disease. Since most herpes zoster occurs in people over 50 years old or with weakened immune function. Generally speaking, adults usually have more severe symptoms after being infected with the virus. Moreover, don't think that you are safe for life after having chickenpox once. When the body's immunity decreases, the possibility of secondary infection cannot be ruled out, and the virus in the body may recur and cause herpes zoster.

At present, vaccination against varicella is the most effective preventive measure. Taking Beijing as an example, it is recommended that children of appropriate age receive two doses of varicella vaccine according to the procedure: the first dose at 18 months of age and the second dose at 4 years of age. Children over 4 years old who have only received one dose of vaccine in the past are recommended to receive the second dose.

During the high incidence season of chickenpox, everyone should pay attention to the following 4 points:

1. If you or your child has fever, rash or other discomfort symptoms, you should go to the hospital as soon as possible for a clear diagnosis. Please wear a mask when you go to the hospital. If you are diagnosed with chickenpox, you should be isolated at home for treatment and not go to work or school when you are sick to prevent infecting others.

2. The quarantine period lasts until all the varicella blisters have scabbed over or the rash has completely subsided. Students need to go to the hospital’s area health department to obtain a certificate of resumption of classes before they can return to school. The school can only verify this certificate after verification.

3. Schools and kindergartens should pay close attention to the incidence of chickenpox in children and report any cases of chickenpox to the health care department of the community health service center to which the unit belongs in a timely manner.

4. Units where chickenpox outbreaks occur should actively cooperate with disease control departments to implement comprehensive prevention and control measures to avoid the spread of the epidemic.