What causes acute pyelonephritis in women?

Pyelonephritis in women is usually caused by urinary tract infection. Generally, the incidence rate of pyelonephritis in women is higher than that in men. Pyelonephritis in women will have a great impact on their health, so active treatment is needed. Pyelonephritis can cause women to suffer from many diseases, but when treating pyelonephritis, it is necessary to find out the cause of pyelonephritis and treat it symptomatically.

What causes acute pyelonephritis in women?

1. Cystitis: Cystitis is also a urinary system infection. If cystitis is not treated promptly and effectively during an acute attack, it will develop into chronic cystitis. At this time, the multiplied bacteria will retrogradely infect the kidneys through the ureters, causing pyelonephritis.

2. Diseases of the kidney parenchyma: Common ones include glomerulonephritis, renal cysts, etc., which significantly reduce the kidney's resistance to bacteria, making it prone to infection and causing pyelonephritis.

3. The special physiological structure of women: Since the female urethra is naturally shorter than that of men, bacteria can more easily invade the female urethra than the male urethra, so the incidence rate in women is much higher than that in men.

4. Systemic underlying diseases: If the patient has underlying diseases such as hypertension, hypotension, diabetes, etc., he is prone to kidney disease, especially pyelonephritis.

5. Sexual life: Escherichia coli exists in the female urethra. If you have frequent sexual intercourse, infection is likely to occur, leading to pyelonephritis.

6. Women are in pregnancy: This period is special. The increase in estrogen secretion will cause the muscle tension of the ureter to decrease, making it easy for urine to reflux and easily cause inflammatory changes in the renal parenchyma.

What is the route of infection for pyelonephritis?

1. Ascending infection. Bacteria can easily invade the urethra and kidneys and cause pyelonephritis infection when the urethral mucosa is slightly damaged or the body's resistance is reduced. The urethral opening of baby girls is often contaminated with feces and the female urethra is wider and shorter than that of males, so it is more susceptible to disease than that of males. Bacteria that ascend to the kidneys will invade the renal pelvic mucosa, causing inflammation, and then ascend through the renal calyces, papillae, renal tubules, etc.

2. Bloodstream infection. Inflammation can also be caused by bacteria entering the body from a lesion and invading the bloodstream and then traveling to the kidneys. After causing inflammation, bloodstream infection allows bacteria to reach the renal cortex, where they form many small abscesses, eventually running down the renal tubules until they reach the renal papilla and renal pelvis.

3. Catheterization, cystoscopy and other examinations, urethral surgery using other instruments, etc. may also bring bacteria into the bladder, and easily damage the urethral mucosa and cause infection, thereby promoting the formation of pyelonephritis. Especially when using an indwelling urinary catheter, attention should be paid to strict sterilization and understanding of the indications for use.