What is abnormal vaginal bleeding?

Women have long been accustomed to the vagina because they have menstruation every month, and the biggest feature of menstruation is vaginal bleeding. Of course, during a woman’s first sexual intercourse, a certain amount of blood will flow out due to the rupture of the hymen. The above situations are all very normal and there is no need to worry too much. In addition to the above situations, what are the reasons for abnormal vaginal bleeding?

Causes

1. Ovarian endocrine dysfunction can cause uterine bleeding. In addition, the rupture of ovarian follicles during menstruation can cause a temporary drop in estrogen levels, which can also cause uterine bleeding.

2. Genital tumors, such as uterine fibroids, cervical cancer and endometrial cancer, can cause vaginal bleeding.

3. Uterine bleeding related to pregnancy, such as ectopic pregnancy, threatened abortion, miscarriage, etc.

4. Genital inflammation and trauma can lead to vaginal bleeding;

5. Systemic diseases, such as abnormalities in platelet quantity and quality, coagulation dysfunction including thrombocytopenic purpura, aplastic anemia, liver damage, etc. can all cause vaginal bleeding.

6. Exogenous hormones, such as estrogen and progesterone, can cause "breakthrough bleeding" or "withdrawal bleeding".

Common diseases

1. Vaginal bleeding during childhood

The possibility of precocious puberty or genital tract malignancy should be considered.

2. Vaginal bleeding with pain during puberty

Pain in the vagina and vulva, accompanied by varying amounts of bleeding, may be caused by trauma.

3. Women of childbearing age have a small amount of vaginal bleeding between menstruation

Vaginal bleeding may be due to ovulation, which is normal.

4. Postmenopausal vaginal bleeding

Women with ectopic pregnancies also often experience vaginal bleeding after menopause, which is often accompanied by dull pain in the lower abdomen and a long bleeding time. Therefore, it cannot be simply assumed to be ovulation bleeding without confirming pregnancy. Miscarriage also has vaginal bleeding.

5. Contraceptive pills cause bleeding

Bleeding after taking birth control pills is called breakthrough bleeding.

6. Postmenopausal vaginal bleeding

Vaginal bleeding 2 years after menopause. Attention should be paid to excluding malignant lesions, such as cervical cancer, endometrial cancer, etc., and then considering inflammation, polyps, endocrine factors, etc.

7. Incomplete uterine involution and puerperal infection

Incomplete restoration of the uterine placental attachment surface can cause blood clots to fall off and blood sinuses to reopen, leading to uterine bleeding. Puerperal infection is most commonly endometritis, which can cause poor restoration of the uterine placental attachment surface and poor uterine contraction, as well as incomplete sinus closure leading to uterine bleeding.

8. Uterine bleeding caused by endometritis, myometritis, salpingitis, pelvic cellulitis, etc.

9. Genital tumors

Uterine fibroids, cervical and endometrial cancer, ovarian cancer, etc.