Uterine polyps and cervical polyps

We know that most polyps are caused by inflammation, but our attitudes towards uterine polyps vary greatly among women. Some people are very afraid that it will affect fertility or even turn into tumors or cancer in the future. After all, there are many such examples. Some women, however, believe that polyps are just minor problems caused by inflammation. As the inflammation subsides, the pain will also disappear. So whose opinion is correct? How much do we know about uterine polyps? Let's take a look at the relevant knowledge about uterine polyps. And today's question: Uterine polyps and cervical polyps

1.1. Uterine polyp (metropolypus) is a common gynecological disease. In a broad sense, it refers to all tumors attached to the uterine wall by slender pedicles, including endometrial polyps, endometrial adenomyoma polyps, malignant polyps, etc. Most of them are benign and may have no obvious clinical symptoms, or they may cause increased menstruation, abnormal leucorrhea, vaginal bleeding, uterine enlargement, pain, etc. Hysteroscopic examination shows that polyps vary in size and pedicle length, which is a common intrauterine lesion in gynecology. Among them, endometrial polyps are the most common.

2. Treatment principles: surgical resection is the main approach. The treatment plan should be considered comprehensively based on the patient's age, symptoms, fertility requirements, nature of the polyp, growth rate, etc. Hysteroscopic polypectomy is the main treatment method. For small focal or diffuse polyps, curettage is performed, and attention should be paid to comprehensive scraping, especially at the fundus and uterine cornu. After intrauterine surgery, anti-infection treatment should be carried out. The following aspects should be noted:

If there is accompanying inflammation, the infection must be controlled first.

If bleeding occurs, stop the bleeding first.

Surgery should be performed after inflammation is controlled.

After surgical resection, the polyp should be sent for pathological examination. If there are signs of malignancy, treatment measures should be taken as soon as possible.

This disease is prone to recurrence, and regular follow-up examinations should be conducted after surgery, once every 3 months.

As the most commonly used auxiliary diagnostic method, transvaginal ultrasound examination can determine the location, number, and size of polyps, and can also observe changes in the gross morphology of the uterus.

Gynecological examination

Gynecological bi- and tri- examinations were used. When uterine polyps are infected and acute inflammation occurs, the cervix may become congested, edematous, or eroded, with purulent secretions discharged from the cervical canal, and there may be pain when the cervix is ​​touched. If the pedicle of the uterine polyp is long, a lump can be seen or felt at the cervical opening. In patients with chronic cervicitis, the cervix may show varying degrees of hypertrophy, polyps, glandular cysts, and ectropion, or there may be purulent secretions at the cervical os and a hard cervix upon palpation. If it is cervical disease or polyps, there may be contact bleeding.

Hysteroscopy

Hysteroscopy can directly observe the situation in the uterine cavity and perform biopsy on suspicious lesions under direct vision.

Pathological examination

Endometrial polyps are composed of the endometrium, covered with a layer of cuboidal epithelium or low columnar epithelium. The middle part of the polyp forms a fibrous longitudinal axis, which contains blood vessels. Due to the narrow pedicle and reduced blood supply, polyps are very prone to degeneration. Polyps are most prone to intravascular thrombosis, turning dark purple due to congestion, often beginning to necrotize at the top and eventually falling off.

4. Cervical polyp is a manifestation of chronic cervicitis and is more common in married women. Due to long-term stimulation from chronic inflammation, the local mucosa of the cervical canal proliferates. Because the uterus has a tendency to expel foreign bodies, the proliferating mucosa can gradually protrude from the base to the external os of the cervix to form polyps. There are two types of cervical polyps: one that originates from the cervical mucosa, and the other that originates from the vaginal part of the cervix. Polyps can be single or multiple, of varying sizes, with diameters mostly less than 1 cm. Larger polyps may show certain clinical symptoms, while smaller polyps may have no symptoms and are only discovered during gynecological examinations. Cervical polyps have the possibility of malignant transformation (less than 1%). Once confirmed, polypectomy should be performed and the specimen should be sent for pathological examination.

1. Take good care of your health during menstruation, after childbirth or after miscarriage; pay attention to the cleanliness of the vulva, but do not use irritating detergents when cleaning the vulva.

Pay attention to sexual hygiene. Before sexual intercourse, both men and women should clean the vulva. Men with long foreskin should clean their penis thoroughly to prevent bacteria, mycoplasma, chlamydia, etc. from "quietly" invading.

Actively treat gynecological inflammations such as cervicitis and vaginitis. Regular gynecological examinations are also very important.