What is a cervical cyst?

Cervical Nabothian cyst is not unfamiliar to some female friends. This disease is common in women of childbearing age. During the healing process of cervical erosion, the new squamous epithelium covers the opening of the cervical gland duct or extends into the gland duct, blocking the gland duct, so that the secretions in the gland cannot flow out and are retained therein, causing the gland cavity to expand and form cystic tumors of varying sizes. Therefore, it is also called cervical gland retention cyst. Because of this reason, most female friends are very distressed. Therefore, for gynecological diseases, we must curb them from the beginning and actively treat them. Let’s take a look at what uterine natriuretic cyst is!

I. Definition

Cervical nabothian cyst is a manifestation of chronic cervicitis. During the healing process of cervical erosion, the newly formed squamous epithelium covers the openings of the cervical glandular ducts or extends into the glandular ducts, blocking the openings of the glandular ducts; the connective tissue hyperplasia or scar formation around the glandular ducts compresses the glandular ducts, causing the glandular ducts to narrow or even block them, and the drainage of glandular secretions is obstructed. The cyst formed by retention is called a cervical retention cyst. The mucus it contains is often clear but may be turbid and purulent due to concurrent infection. The cysts are usually small and scattered and may protrude from the surface of the cervix. The small ones are only the size of millet grains, and the large ones can be as big as corn kernels. They are bluish white in color and may be accompanied by erosion, but they are also common in cervix with smooth surface. Due to the long-term stimulation of chronic inflammation, the cervical tissue repeatedly becomes congested and edematous, inflammatory cells infiltrate and connective tissue proliferates, causing cervical hypertrophy. In severe cases, the cervix can increase by more than 1 times compared to a normal cervix. Severe inflammation may lead to menstrual abnormalities (frequent menstrual abnormalities are directly related to it) and even infertility, cervical malignant lesions, etc.

2. Causes of Disease

The cause of the formation of Nabothian cyst is similar to that of "acne" on the face. During the healing process of cervical erosion, the newly formed squamous epithelium covers the opening of the cervical gland duct or extends into the gland duct, blocking the opening of the gland duct; the connective tissue around the gland duct proliferates or scars form, compressing the gland duct, causing the gland duct to narrow or even block, and the drainage of glandular secretions is blocked. The cyst formed by retention is called cervical Nabothian cyst.

3. Clinical manifestations

Nabothian cyst

During the examination, you can see multiple bluish-white vesicles of varying sizes (not purple) protruding from the surface of the cervix. They contain mucus. The small ones are as big as rice grains, and the large ones are as big as corn kernels. Some can grow very large, protruding from the surface of the cervix and even reaching the vaginal opening. The roots are connected to the cervix by a pedicle, and are often accompanied by cervical hypertrophy. In chronic cervicitis, the cervical glands and surrounding tissues proliferate.

Due to the long-term stimulation of chronic inflammation, the cervical tissue repeatedly becomes congested and edematous, inflammatory cells infiltrate and connective tissue proliferates, resulting in cervical hypertrophy. In severe cases, the cervix can increase by more than 1 times compared to a normal cervix. After the inflammation heals, congestion and edema are reduced or subsided. Due to fibrosis, although the cervix is ​​completely covered with squamous epithelium and has a smooth surface, it still maintains its enlarged volume; the cervical glandular cyst also still maintains its protruding cystic shape. When the gland duct is squeezed by the surrounding tissue and the gland opening is blocked, the secretions in the gland cannot flow out and are retained inside, causing the gland cavity to expand and form cystic tumors of varying sizes, called "retention cysts of the cervical glands", also known as Nabothian cysts. The mucus it contains is often clear but may be turbid and purulent due to concurrent infection.

The cysts are usually small and scattered and may protrude from the surface of the cervix. The small ones are only the size of millet grains, and the large ones can be as big as corn kernels. They are bluish white in color and may be accompanied by erosion, but they are also common in cervix with smooth surface. There are clear white vesicular protrusions of varying sizes on the surface of the cervix, some as small as rice grains and some as large as more than 1 cm in diameter. The cysts can be single or multiple and have a smooth surface.

Cervical cysts generally do not require treatment and patients do not have any discomfort symptoms.

Use Jiaoyan feminine care liquid to clean the vulva daily to maintain the self-cleaning function of the vagina.

If the cyst gland is too large, you can disinfect it and prick it with a needle, and yellow-white liquid will flow out!

Symptoms

Symptom 1: The patient's uterine fundus or posterior wall bulges, and has a local cystic feeling. It can be divided into three types: subserosal, intramural and submucosal. If it is a pedunculated submucosal cyst, it can sometimes protrude outside the cervical os. Pathological examination shows that the cyst wall originating from the mesonephric duct is mostly composed of columnar or stratified squamous epithelium, while the cyst wall originating from the paramesonephric duct is mostly formed by ciliated columnar epithelium.

Symptom 2: The symptoms of congenital cervical Nabothian cyst are mostly not obvious. Sometimes a lump can be felt in the lower abdomen. The cervical glands have secretory functions and can secrete mucus. They can also be discharged through the glandular duct openings, participating in the formation of some "leucorrhea". During the healing process of cervical erosion, if the new squamous epithelium covers the cervical glandular duct openings or extends into the glandular ducts, it will cause blockage of the glandular duct openings.

4. Disease Examination

Nabothian cyst

It is mainly based on gynecological examination specialists, and can also be assisted by colposcopy, routine uterine cancer prevention examinations, and cervical biopsy when necessary.

Chronic cervicitis is closely related to cervical cancer. Under long-term inflammatory stimulation, a small number of patients with chronic cervicitis have a tendency to malignant transformation, so it still requires high attention. The main thing is to have a cervical smear test every year to rule out cervical cancer and precancerous diseases.

1. Scattered, smaller cervical cysts generally do not require treatment, and annual checks are sufficient.

2. For densely packed smaller Nabothian cysts or relatively large cysts, physical treatments such as phototherapy, laser, microwave, and self-coagulation knife can be considered.

3. For larger tumors that protrude from the surface of the cervix, electrosurgical excision can be considered.