Causes of acute cystitis in women

Acute cystitis is an inflammatory reaction of the bladder wall caused by nonspecific bacterial infection and is a common disease of the urinary system. Its characteristics are acute onset, accompanied by severe bladder irritation symptoms and mild systemic reactions. So, what are the causes of acute cystitis in women?

Acute cystitis in women is mostly caused by bacterial infection. Most of the pathogens are Escherichia coli. It usually occurs in women because the urethra opening of women is shorter than that of men and is closer to the anus, making it easy for E. coli to invade. Cystitis is caused by a variety of factors: important bladder factors, such as stones, foreign bodies, tumors and indwelling catheters in the bladder, which destroy the defense of the bladder mucosa and facilitate bacterial invasion. The blood bladder obstructs the urinary tract below the neck, causing urination obstruction and loss of urine cleaning function. The residual urine becomes a good culture medium for the growth of bacteria. Supplementary nervous system damage, such as nervous system disease or extensive pelvic surgery (hysterectomy or duodenectomy), damages the nerves that control the bladder, leading to urinary incontinence and causing infection.

Clinical symptoms

1. Urinary tract irritation

The onset is sudden, with obvious frequent urination, urgency, inability to hold urine, painful urination, bladder and urethral muscle spasm, and in severe cases, close to urinary incontinence. The patient is often unable to leave the toilet and cannot stand it. There is a burning sensation in the urethra during urination, increased pain at the end of urination, pain in the vulva, supraphagus area, and slight pain in the bladder area. In severe cases, subacute prostatitis may occur, but systemic symptoms are generally not obvious.

2. Urine test

The urine is turbid, with pus balls in the urine, terminal hematuria is common, and sometimes full-line hematuria.

3. Simple cystitis

Inflammation is limited to the mucosal layer, often without fever, elevated white blood cell count, or systemic symptoms. High fever only occurs when the disease is complicated by subacute pyelonephritis, prostatitis, or epididymitis.

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Rest in bed, drink plenty of water, avoid irritating foods, hot water baths or hot compresses on the toes can improve local blood circulation and relieve symptoms. Take sodium bicarbonate or potassium citrate orally to alkalize urine and reduce irritation to the urethra. Flavonoids (Urinary), belladonna, and atropine can eliminate bladder spasms.

According to the genus of pathogens, appropriate antimicrobial drugs are used. Before the results of drug sensitivity tests are available, spinosad sulfamethoxazole, cephalosporins, and quinolones can be used. After treatment, the condition generally improves rapidly, the pus balls in the urine disappear, and the cell culture turns negative. A short-term 3-day treatment method should be used as much as possible to avoid unnecessary long-term medication to avoid drug resistance or increase side effects, but measures to prevent recurrence should be strengthened. If the symptoms do not subside, pus balls in the urine still exist, and the test is still positive, bacterial resistance and infectious causes should be considered. More suitable antibiotics should be adjusted in time and the application time should be increased in order to achieve complete recovery.

Urinary tract infections are common in postmenopausal women and are prone to recurring infections. The lack of estrogen causes a decrease in female vaginal lactobacilli and an increase in the proliferation of pathogens, which is a key factor in infection. Estrogen replacement therapy can maintain normal vaginal extracellular fluid, increase lactobacilli and eliminate pathogens, thereby reducing the occurrence of urinary tract infections.