Why does a woman have to urinate frequently and painfully?

Urinary system diseases are easy to occur in the lives of female friends, which is mainly caused by the physiological structure of female friends. Once the phenomenon of urinary urgency, frequency and pain occurs, many people are worried that this phenomenon occurs in male friends. This phenomenon also occurs to female friends. In order to let everyone better understand this phenomenon, we need to understand what exactly is going on.

1. Nonspecific infection

1. Urethritis

(1) Nonspecific infections are mainly caused by Escherichia coli.

(2) The acute phase is characterized by frequent urination, urgency, and pain during urination, purulent discharge from the urethral orifice, redness, swelling, and tenderness of the urethral orifice, and routine urine examination may reveal pyuria and bacteriuria.

(3) The diagnosis can be confirmed based on symptoms, signs, urine routine, and secretion smear examination.

2. Cystitis

(1) It is mainly caused by Escherichia coli infection and often occurs after sexual intercourse.

(2) Urinary tract irritation symptoms such as frequent urination, urgency, and pain during urination are significant, but systemic symptoms are mild. When the bladder trigone is inflamed, gross hematuria may occur, and there may be discomfort above the pubic bone and in the lower back. On examination, there is tenderness in the lower abdomen over the bladder area.

(3) Urinalysis revealed pyuria and bacteriuria, but renal function was normal.

2. Sexually transmitted diseases

1. Gonococcal urethritis

(1) In women, gonorrhea first invades the cervical mucosa and then spreads upward. It may also invade the fecal bladder mucosa and cause urinary tract symptoms. The incubation period is 2-5 days.

(2) The acute phase is characterized by frequent urination, urgency, pain, and purulent discharge from the urethra. In severe cases, the entire urogenital system may be affected, accompanied by acute pelvic inflammatory disease.

(3) Diagnosis is based on finding intracellular gonococci in smears.

2. Non-gonococcal urethritis

(1) Caused by Chlamydia trachomatis or Ureaplasma urealyticum, the incubation period is longer, averaging 2 weeks.

(2) The clinical symptoms are milder than those of gonorrhea, and may include discomfort during urination, pain during urination, mild urinary frequency, and little purulent urethral secretion, which can be easily ignored.

(3) Fluorescent immunostaining examination or pathogen culture of secretion smear can confirm the diagnosis.

(III) Atrophic lesions of the urogenital tract

1. Urethral prolapse (1) Partial prolapse of the urethral mucosa takes on a polyp-like shape. If it completely prolapses, it takes on a ring-like shape with wrinkles on the surface. Local secondary infection may occur, aggravating the symptoms of urethral prolapse.

(2) It is related to factors such as birth trauma, aging, and increased intra-abdominal pressure.

2. Urethra caruncle

(1) There are bright red growths with a diameter of 0.5 to 1.0 cm on the mucosa of the external urethral opening. The surface is smooth and bright red, with or without a pedicle. There is pain and discomfort during urination.

(2) Often associated with low estrogen, chronic irritation, inflammation or injury.

3. Senile cystourethritis

(1) Postmenopausal women have low estrogen levels, thin bladder and urethral mucosa, and symptoms of frequent and urgent urination.

(2) Urinalysis results are normal.

(IV) Female urethral syndrome

1. Recurrent episodes of frequent urination, urgent urination, and painful urination, which may be accompanied by dyspareunia, lower abdominal pain, and lower back pain. Acute attacks are often caused by fatigue, oliguria, and sexual intercourse.

2. This disease is caused by many factors

(1) Recurrent lower urinary tract infections due to urethral diseases, such as urethral caruncle (polyp-like growths in the urethra), urethral diverticula (repeated infection of periurethral glands, cystic dilatation, and urethral perforation), and urethral hymenal umbrella (broken hymen draped over the external urethral opening in an umbrella shape). Abnormalities may be found during gynecological examination or cystoscopy.

(2) Neurogenic bladder: bladder detrusor-sphincter dysfunction, in which case there are no obvious abnormalities in laboratory tests.

(3) Due to physiological and anatomical abnormalities, the distance between the external urethra and the external vaginal opening is too close (less than 1 cm) in some women, causing repeated attacks of urinary tract irritation symptoms after sexual intercourse.

After understanding this phenomenon, we must take good measures to prevent it from happening. Female friends all know that if we want to avoid urinary system diseases, we must actively maintain good physical hygiene in our daily lives. If female friends feel unwell, they must go to the hospital for diagnosis and treatment. Finally, I wish all the female friends suffering from the disease a speedy recovery!