Overview of Cervical Endometriosis

When the endometrium is not in its normal location, but appears in any other part of the human body, it is called endometriosis. The ectopic endometrium is the same as the normal endometrium in structure and function, and is composed of glands and stroma. If it exists in the myometrium, it is called intrinsic endometriosis. Depending on whether the lesion is diffuse or localized, it is called adenomyosis or adenomyoma. If the endometrium exists outside the uterus (including the cervix and uterine body serosa), it is called external endometriosis, or true endometriosis. It can be in the pelvic cavity, abdominal cavity, or in more distant locations. But it is mainly in the true pelvic cavity. Although the histology of these two conditions is the same, they may have different origins and occur in different types of patients. The main causes are as follows.

one. Menstrual disorders

In particular, menstrual disorders such as shortened menstrual cycle, frequent menstruation, heavy menstrual flow, prolonged menstruation, and abdominal pain during menstruation increase the frequency and amount of menstrual blood flowing from the fallopian duct to the pelvic cavity. Patients with abdominal pain during menstruation, especially those with severe abdominal pain, will experience increased secretion of prostaglandins in the blood, which will cause strong contractions of the uterus. At the same time, it increases the chances of menstrual blood backflow and the release of endometrial fragments.

2. Ignoring menstrual hygiene

During menstruation, the pelvis becomes congested, the uterus becomes sensitive, and the frequency and intensity of contractions increase. If you do not pay attention to emotional regulation, become overly excited, nervous, irritable, anxious, and fearful; overwork, strenuous exercise, sudden changes in body position; especially having sex during menstruation; unnecessary gynecological examinations, or excessive squeezing; using vaginal suppositories during menstruation, etc., all of these can easily increase the chance and amount of menstrual backflow.

3. Gynecological surgery

Repeated abortions will change the pressure in the uterine cavity and cause the uterus to contract, making it difficult to prevent endometrial fragments and blood from entering the pelvic cavity through the fallopian tubes. The increase in caesarean sections in recent years has also increased the chance of endometrium implantation in the uterine muscle wall, pelvic cavity, abdominal wall and other parts. Failure to strictly follow the regulations for intrauterine contraceptive device placement and untimely treatment of postoperative complications can increase the possibility of retrograde menstruation and endometrial implantation.

4. Malposition of the uterus

The normal position of the uterus is forward tilted and flexed to facilitate the outflow of menstrual blood. If the uterus is retroverted or flexed, especially to a severe degree, it can easily cause menstrual blood to flow out poorly, accumulate in the uterine cavity, increase the pressure in the uterine cavity, and create conditions for menstrual blood to flow back into the abdominal cavity.

5. Abnormalities of reproductive organs, including congenital developmental abnormalities and acquired errors. Congenital developmental abnormalities include uterine occlusion, vaginal septum, hymen occlusion, etc. Acquired abnormalities may be caused by artificial abortion, uterine cavity, vaginal surgery, vaginal medication, etc., which may cause adhesions between the cervix, uterine opening, vagina, and vaginal opening, and menstrual blood cannot be discharged from the body. The pressure in the uterine cavity increases, causing menstrual blood to flow back into the pelvic cavity.

At present, Western medicine treatment mostly adopts two methods: conservative treatment and surgical treatment: 1. Conservative treatment mostly adopts pseudo-pregnancy or pseudo-menopause therapy, such as danazol and tamoxifen, nemetone, provera, etc., which artificially cause the cessation of menstruation to form a pseudo-pregnancy state. Without menstruation, there will be no dysmenorrhea, but this type of drug has great side effects and causes certain damage to the liver and kidneys. Some patients have to stop taking the drug when the disease has not been cured yet due to side effects. After stopping the drug, menstruation will still come, and the disease will generally continue to develop. 2. There are two types of surgical treatment: (1) Radical surgery, which involves the complete removal of both ovaries and uterus. This is extremely cruel to young and childless women. The complications and sequelae caused by this surgery cause certain physical and mental pain to the patient, and menopausal syndrome may occur after the surgery. (2) Conservative surgery involves local excision, peeling, and removal of the lesion. However, due to the heavy adhesion of the disease, the surgery is often incomplete. For example, the recurrence rate after electrocautery of ectopic lesions that have dislocated to the sacroiliac ligament or invaded the rectum is high. Laparoscopy is both a diagnostic method and a treatment method, but there is a high chance of recurrence after surgery. Currently, it is easier to diagnose the disease with Western medicine, but it is also difficult to treat.

First of all, both men and women should relax and prevent excessive tension which will aggravate endocrine disorders. It is important for them to have support and comfort from their husbands and families. Husbands should have a correct understanding of the disease. As long as they are treated properly, endometriosis and uterine fibroids do not affect pregnancy. And now with the improvement of technology, the chance of pregnancy will become higher and higher. We should pay more attention to the mental health of our female friends who are suffering from diseases.