Mandatory items for women's physical examination

Women are very prone to gynecological diseases, so they should have regular gynecological examinations to prevent them or detect symptoms early to avoid greater harm. So what are the routine gynecological examination items for women?

What are the new items that must be checked in gynecological examinations? Routine gynecological examination: Through gynecological palpation and instrument examination methods, relevant signs of common gynecological diseases can be discovered, or common gynecological diseases can be basically eliminated.

1. Genital examination

Normal vulva, male pubic hair is pointed downwards and distributed in a triangular shape, the labia majora is pigmented, the labia minora is red, there is no ulcer, dermatitis, growth or hypopigmentation in the perineum, the clitoris is less than 2.5cm in length, the mucosa around the urethral opening is light pink and has no growth.

Married women have broken hymen and old cracks, pregnant women have broken hymen and old cracks in the perineum or inverted incision scars on the vulva. If necessary, the doctor will ask the patient to hold his breath and observe whether there is protrusion of the front, back, left, or right walls of the vagina, uterine prolapse or urinary incontinence. If there is a change in the disease, the doctor will often describe it as "married type" or "given birth type". If any abnormalities occur, they will be recorded in detail.

2. Routine inspection of leucorrhea

It can detect vaginitis caused by various bacterial infections, such as fungi, Trichomonas, Gardnerella, fungi, white blood cell count, pH value, etc.

3. Breast examination

Regular self-examination and infrared breast examinations should be carried out. Once breast abnormalities are found, timely treatment should be sought. This can effectively prevent breast diseases and prevent infectious malignancies and lesions.

4. Check the vagina

The vaginal mucosa is light pink in color, with wrinkles, and is free of ulcers, growths, cysts, internal vaginal septum, double vagina, and other developmental deformities. Normal female secretions are egg white or milky white and viscous, without any fishy smell, and in small amounts, but increase during ovulation and pregnancy. If any abnormality occurs, the patient will have corresponding clinical manifestations, i.e. local itching, burning sensation, etc. The doctor will record it in detail and give tests.

5. Inspection of the uterus and its accessories

This is also a very important item in the basic gynecological examination. The normal uterus is inverted pear-shaped, 7-8cm long, 4-5cm wide, and 2-3cm thick. Most of it is in an extended and flexed position, with medium strength and good mobility. The uterus, ovaries and bilateral fallopian tubes are collectively referred to as "accessories". Normal uterus and ovary can occasionally expand to 3×2×1cm3 in size, can be moved, and feel slightly sore and swollen to the touch. Normally, the fallopian tubes on both sides cannot be touched. If it is a "negatively correlated" or "posterior" uterus, there is no clinically significant symptoms and no life-threatening danger.

6. B-ultrasound examination

Transvaginal B-ultrasound can be used to check for uterine and ovarian tumors, endometriosis, uterine fibroids and other diseases. Vaginal B-ultrasound is an intracavitary ultrasound with a high frequency. The camera is close to the cervix and posterior fornix, which has less influence, and the image is many times clearer than abdominal B-ultrasound.

7. Cervical examination

A normal cervix has a protrusion with a hole in the middle. It is perfectly round when not pregnant, and "I"-shaped when pregnant. It is tough, bright red in color, and has a smooth surface. If everything is normal during the inspection, it means that it is light, medium in quality, painless, etc. If abnormalities are found, the measurement range of erosion (mild, moderate, or none), the level of cervical hypertrophy, and the size and location of the growths will be described in detail.

Among them, what we should focus on is the new Papanicolaou fluid-based cytology (TCT) cervical cancer pre-test. Women who are 18 years old or older and have had sexual life should undergo the new Papanicolaou cervical TCT examination regularly every year. Only in this way can they timely and effectively prevent and detect cervical lesions.