Acanthosis nigricans Polycystic ovary

Acanthosis nigricans is one of the symptoms of polycystic ovary syndrome, which is caused by excessive pigmentation and keratinization, and is closely related to genetics, endocrine system, and drugs. It is mainly manifested by high androgen levels, obesity, excessive hair growth, etc. If not treated systematically, it will cause infertility. How to treat acanthosis nigricans caused by polycystic ovary?

For the condition of acanthosis nigricans caused by polycystic ovary, patients can take medication for treatment in a cycle of three months. When the female hormones in the body gradually recover, the condition of acanthosis nigricans will disappear. If the condition of acanthosis nigricans does not disappear after a period of medication, the patient needs to actively treat polycystic ovary.

For polycystic ovary caused by obesity and insulin resistance, patients need to reduce weight while taking metformin treatment so that the symptoms can be cured. If polycystic ovary is caused by hyperandrogenism, the patient needs to take short-acting emergency contraception or other anti-androgen herbal preparations to reduce the level of androgen.

Polycystic ovary syndrome is a common disease. Generally, patients will experience some relief after taking medication. If you want to have a child, you need to go to the hospital to monitor ovulation and have sex during the ovulation period to further increase the chance of pregnancy. If there is no ovulation, you can take an ovulation-stimulating injection to assist ovulation, which can also increase the chance of pregnancy.

Early symptoms of PCOS

1. Excessive hair: The amount and distribution of hair vary according to gender and race. Excessive hair is one of the main manifestations of elevated male hormones. There are many ways to clinically identify excessive hair. Among them, the Ferriman-Gallway hair assessment method recommended by the World Health Organization is the Ferriman-Gallway hair assessment standard. In my country, the condition of excessive hair in PCOS patients is not serious. The data of large-scale community epidemiological surveys show that an mFG score of >5 can be diagnosed with excessive hair, and the excessive hair is mainly distributed on the upper lips, lower abdomen and thighs.

2. Hyperandrogenitic acne: PCOS patients often suffer from adult female acne, accompanied by rough skin and enlarged pores on the face. Unlike adolescent acne, it has the characteristics of severe symptoms, long duration, difficult to eliminate and long-term treatment, and poor treatment response.

3. Female pattern alopecia (FPA): PCOS women begin to lose their hair when they are around 20 years old. It mainly occurs on the head, and can extend to the front of the head forward (but does not affect the hairline), and extend to the back of the head backward (but does not affect the back of the head). It is just that the hair on the head is diffusely scarce and falls out. It neither affects the hairline nor causes baldness.

4. Sebaceous gland overflow: PCOS produces excessive androgen, resulting in hyperandrogenism, which increases the secretion of sebaceous glands, causing excessive oil on the patient's head and face, enlarged pores, slightly red and greasy skin on both sides of the nasal grooves, excessive hair loss, itchy scalp, and increased oil secretion on the chest and back.

5. Male characteristics: Specifically, there is male-type pubic hair all over the body, and generally there are no obvious male characteristics, such as clitoral hypertrophy, mammary gland atrophy, deep voice and abnormal development of other external genitalia. If PCOS patients have typical male characteristics, they should pay attention to distinguishing congenital adrenal hyperplasia, kidney tumors and tumors that secrete androgen.

6. Obesity: Obesity accounts for 30-60% of PCOS patients, and its incidence rate varies depending on race and dietary structure. In foreign countries, 50% of PCOS women are overweight or obese, while reports of obese PCOS in other countries are relatively less. The obesity of PCOS is mainly manifested as central obesity (also known as central obesity), and even non-obese PCOS patients also show an increase in the proportion of perivascular or retinal fat distribution.

7. Infertility: Due to ovulation dysfunction, the chance of pregnancy in PCOS patients is reduced and the miscarriage rate is increased. However, it is not clear whether the miscarriage rate in PCOS patients is increased or whether miscarriage is the result of overload.

8. Obstructive pulmonary disease (PCOS) sleep apnea: This problem is very common in PCOS patients and cannot be simply explained by obesity. Insulin resistance is a greater predictor of dyspnea during sleep than age, BMI or circulating testosterone levels.

9. Depression: The prevalence of depression in PCOS patients is increased and is associated with high body mass index and insulin resistance. The patients' quality of life and sexual satisfaction rate are significantly reduced.

10. Irregular menstruation: scanty menstrual blood flow, amenorrhea, and in rare cases, multifunctional abnormal uterine bleeding. It often occurs during puberty and is the recurrence of irregular menstruation after the first menstruation, sometimes accompanied by dysmenorrhea.