What is the clinical significance of routine cervical examination?

For everyone in modern society, it is important to keep healthy at all times. Especially for female friends, they must pay attention to preventing gynecological diseases after marriage, because these diseases not only affect their own fertility, but also affect their sexual life and even the relationship between husband and wife. The cervix is ​​one of the most critical parts of women, so you must pay attention to protecting it at ordinary times. So the question is, what is the clinical significance of routine cervical examination?

Routine gynecological cervical examination is a routine examination of the cervix to prevent and promptly treat cervical lesions.

Normal result: TCT examination shows no inflammation. There is no fungal, trichomonas, herpes virus infection, HPV infection, or human papillomavirus infection. Normal cervical squamous epithelium during colposcopy

The epithelium is smooth and pink. The epithelium does not change color after applying 3% acetic acid. Iodine test positive.

Clinical significance

Abnormal results:

TCT examination

(1) Inflammation. The human cervix is ​​a bacterial environment. When the environment changes, it affects the cervical cells and causes abnormal changes. In most cases, this is normal. The next step is for doctors to prescribe treatments to relieve the symptoms of inflammation, usually based on the severity of the inflammation.

(2) Fungal, Trichomonas, and herpes virus infections. Fungal, Trichomonas, and herpes virus infections are multiple infectious diseases. The next step the doctor takes is usually to provide appropriate treatment based on the type of microbial infection to relieve symptoms.

(3) TCT report results: HPV infection, human papillomavirus infection. This is an infection caused by a virus. There is no effective treatment, but the body's own immune system may be able to eliminate the virus. The next step is to have regular TCT checks.

(4) ASC-US: atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance. Slight changes in cervical cells require prompt further examination and treatment.

(5) LSIL: low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion. If some suspicious precancerous cells are found, further examination and treatment will be carried out immediately.

(6) ASC-H atypical squamous cells do not exclude high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions. There may be precancerous changes, but the cells may not be abnormal enough for a definitive diagnosis.

Colposcopy

(1) Columnar epithelium of cervicovaginal region

The columnar epithelium in the cervical canal moves downward and replaces the squamous epithelium in the cervical vagina, which is clinically called cervical erosion. The surface is velvety and red in color. After applying 3% acetic acid, it swells rapidly and becomes grape-shaped. Iodine test was negative.

(2) Transformation zone

That is, the area where squamous epithelium and columnar epithelium are interlaced, containing new squamous epithelium and columnar epithelium that has not yet been replaced by squamous epithelium. Under colposcopy, dendritic capillaries, grape islands formed by metaplastic epithelium surrounding columnar epithelium, glandular openings opening into the metaplastic epithelium, and retention cysts (cervical glandular cysts) covered by metaplastic epithelium were seen. After applying 3% acetic acid, the metaplastic epithelium is clearly contrasted with the columnar epithelium within the circle. After applying iodine, the iodine color varies in depth. Pathological examination showed squamous metaplasia.

(3) Abnormal colposcopic images: All iodine tests were negative, including: ① White epithelium: white after application of acetic acid, with clear boundaries and no blood vessels. Pathological examination may reveal metaplastic epithelium or atypical hyperplasia. ② Leukoplakia: white patches with a rough, raised surface and no blood vessels. It is visible even without applying 3% acetic acid. Pathological examination shows hyperkeratosis or parakeratosis, sometimes HPV infection. There may be malignant lesions deep in or around the leukoplakia, and biopsies should be taken routinely. ③ Dot-like structure: formerly known as white spot base. After applying 3% acetic acid, it turns white, has clear boundaries, a smooth surface and very fine red dots (punctate capillaries). Pathological examination may show atypical hyperplasia. ④Mosaic: Irregular blood vessels divide the white epithelium that proliferates after coating with 3% acetic acid into small pieces with clear boundaries and irregular shapes, like a pattern inlaid with red fine lines. If the surface is irregularly protruding and pushes the blood vessels to the surroundings, it indicates that the cells are proliferating too rapidly and you should pay attention to cancer. Pathological examination often shows atypical hyperplasia. ⑤ Atypical blood vessels: refers to blood vessels with extremely irregular caliber, size, shape, branching, direction and arrangement, such as spiral shape, comma shape, hairpin shape, leaf shape, thread ball shape, bayberry shape, etc. Pathological examinations mostly show varying degrees of cancer.

People who need to be checked: women who have sexual life. 2. Notes: Not suitable for people: women during menstruation.