What is the cause of postmenopausal bleeding?

When a woman reaches menopause, the cessation of menstruation is only a superficial manifestation. In fact, the body will undergo great changes. For example, the estrogen level in a woman's body will be greatly reduced after menopause, which can lead to many uncomfortable symptoms. For example, menopausal women are prone to hot flashes, their moods will fluctuate greatly, and they will often feel inexplicably anxious. Some women experience vaginal bleeding after menopause. What is the problem?

Causes of postmenopausal bleeding:

Postmenopausal bleeding is a phenomenon in which vaginal bleeding occurs again in menopausal women one year after menstruation has ceased. This phenomenon should be taken seriously by patients. In the 1960s, among women with postmenopausal bleeding reported in China, 76.2% had reproductive system malignancies, of which 3/4 were cervical cancer. With the widespread development of medical and health care, the incidence of malignant tumors in women with postmenopausal bleeding has dropped to 10% to 20% in the 1980s, most of which are endometrial adenocarcinomas, followed by cervical cancer and ovarian cancer. Other benign causes include senile vaginitis, cervical erosion or polyps, endometrial polyps, benign ovarian cysts, uterine fibroids, etc. It is worth mentioning that some women may also experience postmenopausal bleeding after taking estrogen or taking estrogen suppositories.

Women enter menopause and their periods stop coming. If vaginal bleeding occurs again after more than one year of amenorrhea, it is often an early sign of disease. The most common sites of postmenopausal vaginal bleeding are the vulva, vagina, and uterus. The most common of these is uterine bleeding, and it is also the most complicated. Vaginal bleeding after menopause can be benign or malignant. The more common benign diseases include senile vaginitis, endometritis, cervical polyps, endometrial polyps, uterine stroke syndrome, and prolonged placement of intrauterine contraceptive devices after menopause. The more common malignant diseases include endometrial cancer, cervical cancer, ovarian cancer, fallopian tube cancer, etc. Among them, endometrial cancer accounts for about 80% of postmenopausal bleeding. Finding out the cause of postmenopausal vaginal bleeding in time is the key to correctly treating this type of disease. Vaginal bleeding is not an isolated symptom, but a disease or even an external manifestation of multiple diseases. Understanding the disease through symptoms and recognizing the disease through external manifestations is possible in many diseases.

Benign vaginal bleeding after menopause generally has no obvious systemic symptoms, the bleeding is not too severe, cachexia-like constitution rarely occurs, and there is no obvious abnormality in the leucorrhea, unless it is accompanied by bacterial infection, there will be an abnormal odor. The amount of bleeding in senile vaginitis is small, often with spotting of blood, and is accompanied by itching and burning sensation of the vulva, or distension and discomfort in the lower abdomen. Sometimes Trichomonas and fungi can be found, but the size, shape and texture of the uterus are normal. Endometritis causes regular vaginal bleeding. About half of the patients experience lower abdominal pain or heaviness, increased vaginal discharge, and if it is an acute case, fever may also occur. Gynecological examination shows no obvious abnormalities, and antibiotic treatment has a significant effect. Cervical polyps are also a common cause of bleeding. Bleeding from this disease often occurs during sexual intercourse. Gynecological examination or B-ultrasound examination can detect polyps on the cervix, which are different from malignant tumors. A biopsy can be performed when in doubt. Uterine stroke syndrome, obstructed bleeding is very similar to menstruation, with a slightly larger amount of bleeding. If complicated by infection, low fever and leukocytosis may occur. This disease has symptoms of arteriosclerosis and abnormal heart function. A series of symptoms of heart failure such as cough, dyspnea, palpitations, heart enlargement, lower limb edema, and liver enlargement often occur. The uterus is normal in size and there is no mass in the pelvic cavity. Diagnostic curettage confirmed endometrial necrotizing bleeding.

Malignant disease occurs after menopause and also has vaginal bleeding. This type of disease causes bleeding and is often accompanied by a series of malignant disease symptoms, poor physical constitution, weight loss, fatigue, low fever, bloody vaginal discharge with a bad odor, and no obvious effect of antibiotic treatment. Endometrial cancer is often accompanied by irregular vaginal bleeding, or bleeding with discharge. The discharge is yellow watery and has a particularly unpleasant odor. There is also lower abdominal pain and abdominal masses. Abnormalities can be detected through B-ultrasound and gynecological examinations. This disease is often accompanied by a history of diabetes, hypertension, obesity, multiple births, nulliparity, infertility, etc. Cervical cancer may also cause irregular vaginal bleeding, bloody discharge, abdominal pain, a feeling of falling, and in the late stages, frequent urination, urgency, pain, or hematuria. Ultrasound or gynecological examination may reveal an abnormal cervix. Ovarian cancer is also a common malignant tumor. The causes of this disease are complex and varied, but all of them have symptoms such as lower abdominal discomfort, abdominal mass, abdominal pain, vaginal bleeding, etc. It can be diagnosed through gynecological examination, relevant instrument examination and laboratory tests. Fallopian tube cancer is an uncommon malignant tumor that has symptoms similar to those of the above diseases, but they are not as obvious.