Bleeding during early pregnancy

Once you are pregnant, you hope for a smooth pregnancy, but it is easy to encounter various problems during the pregnancy, especially in the early stages of pregnancy. Once there is a problem, you must clarify the situation in time. In daily life, many pregnant women experience bleeding symptoms in the early stages of pregnancy, so they are naturally concerned about the consequences. So, what is the cause of a little bleeding in early pregnancy? Let’s take a look below.

Before the placenta is fully formed, embryo implantation is not stable, so many factors can cause miscarriage. When miscarriage occurs, the embryo and the uterine wall will separate to varying degrees. Once the blood vessels at the separation surface rupture, vaginal bleeding symptoms will occur. According to a medical research statistic, more than 50% of pregnant women can safely get through the early pregnancy bleeding and successfully continue the pregnancy; about 30% of pregnant women may experience miscarriage; and nearly 10% of pregnant women may have ectopic pregnancy or other problems. Some pregnant women worry that if they have abnormal vaginal bleeding in early pregnancy, the baby will be unhealthy after they successfully preserve the fetus. Many studies have shown that more than half of miscarriages are caused by abnormalities in the embryo itself. This is a kind of natural selection. If the pregnancy can continue, the fetus is generally normal.

After vaginal bleeding occurs in early pregnancy, if the pregnancy can continue successfully and the baby is born, the proportion of fetuses with congenital abnormalities does not increase.

In fact, bleeding during pregnancy is also a common clinical condition, which can be caused by many reasons. Bleeding during pregnancy can be divided into the following situations according to the source of bleeding:

1. Bleeding during pregnancy caused by maternal conditions is mainly caused by uterine diseases or progesterone deficiency.

2. Bleeding during pregnancy caused by the embryo itself is mainly due to problems with the embryo itself. If there is a problem in this regard, the situation is not very optimistic.

3. Bleeding during pregnancy caused by external stimulation, because during pregnancy, the uterus and abdominal cavity itself will be in a state of congestion and will appear very fragile. Sometimes even the slightest stimulation or slight movement can cause bleeding.

Cervical lesions

Affected population: those with complicated sexual life, poor hygiene habits, irregular lifestyle, poor body resistance, etc.

When it comes to early pregnancy bleeding, many people tend to ignore the problem of cervix. If the cervix is ​​severely inflamed and eroded, or if there are already cervical polyps, it is easy for the surface capillaries to rupture and bleed due to hormonal changes after pregnancy. In recent years, the age group in which cervical cancer most commonly occurs has quietly dropped to 30 to 40 years old. Being pregnant does not mean that there is no problem with the cervix. Cervical smear tests should be done regularly before and after pregnancy. If there is vaginal bleeding in early pregnancy, the cervix should also be checked for problems.

Ectopic pregnancy

Population at risk: Those who have a history of pelvic inflammation, pelvic adhesions, or have undergone fallopian tube surgery, or had an ectopic pregnancy in the previous pregnancy, etc.

When the fertilized egg implants outside the uterus, it is called an ectopic pregnancy. The incidence rate is about 1%, and 95% of ectopic pregnancies occur in the fallopian tube. Because the wall of the fallopian tube is very thin, it cannot provide enough nutrition to the embryo. The gradually developing fertilized egg causes the wall of the fallopian tube to expand, which can cause the wall to rupture. Abnormal vaginal bleeding will occur at 7 to 8 weeks of pregnancy, and there may even be severe abdominal pain or shock due to massive intra-abdominal bleeding.

In the early stages of pregnancy, if ultrasound examination fails to find any signs of an embryo in the uterus, it is necessary to test the human chorionic gonadotropin (β-HCG) in the blood as soon as possible to diagnose the possibility of ectopic pregnancy and take appropriate measures in a timely manner.

Hydatidiform mole

Population at risk: mothers under 20 years old or over 40 years old, food lacking carotene and animal fat, with a history of miscarriage, a history of hydatidiform mole, smoking, etc.

Hydatidiform mole is a benign chorionic disease with an incidence of approximately 1‰, and the incidence is higher in Asian countries. Because of the abnormal proliferation of trophoblastic cells of the placental villi, the terminal villi turn into blisters, which are connected in clusters and resembling grapes, hence the name "hydatidiform mole". In the early stages of pregnancy, there may be symptoms such as abnormal vaginal bleeding, severe morning sickness and even palpitations.

Usually, the diagnosis can be made by ultrasound and blood test for chorionic gonadotropin. The treatment is to use endometrial vacuum aspiration to remove the hydatidiform mole, and then continue to track the chorionic gonadotropin index until it is normal for 3 consecutive weeks, and then track it again every month until it is normal for 6 consecutive months. If the chorionic gonadotropin index does not decrease as expected, chemotherapy should be considered. Strict contraception must be taken during the follow-up period, and pregnancy can only be planned two years after cure.