Pain below during menstruation

For women, there are a few uncomfortable days every month, which we call period or menstruation. During menstruation, female friends will feel a lot of discomfort, such as stomach pain. At this time, as a partner, you must learn to take good care of her, but in fact, it is just a normal symptom and it will be fine after the menstrual period. The editor will now tell you about other issues during menstruation, such as what is the cause of the pain during menstruation?

Primary pain is mostly associated with ovulatory menstruation, so there is no symptom or only mild symptoms 1 to 2 years after menarche. Severe cramping pain often occurs in women 1 to 2 years after menarche. If regular dysmenorrhea occurs from the beginning or crampy dysmenorrhea occurs after the age of 25, it is necessary to consider whether there are other abnormal conditions.

Primary pain is mostly caused by ovulation and menstruation

Dysmenorrhea usually begins with the onset of menstruation or a few hours before vaginal bleeding and is often spasmodic and colic, lasting 1/2-2 hours. After an attack of severe abdominal pain, it turns into moderate paroxysmal pain, which lasts about 12-24 hours. The menstrual blood gradually disappears after outflow is smooth, and some patients may need to stay in bed for 2-3 days. The pain is located in the lower abdomen. In severe cases, it can radiate to the lumbar region or the anterior medial thigh. About 50% of people have gastrointestinal and cardiovascular symptoms. Such as nausea, diarrhea, dizziness, headache and fatigue. Occasionally, syncope or collapse may occur. A negative gynecological bimanual or anal examination can lead to a diagnosis of primary dysmenorrhea.

(I) Pelvic endometriosis

Dysmenorrhea is one of the symptoms of endometriosis. The ectopic endometrial tissue in the ovaries, uterine cuboid ligaments, uterorectal fossa and pelvic peritoneum undergoes cyclical changes during the menstrual cycle under the influence of ovarian hormones.

Pelvic Endometriosis

(ii) Adenomyosis

Dysmenorrhea is a benign disease caused by the invasion of the endometrium into the myometrium. There may also be increased menstrual flow or prolonged menstrual period. Gynecological examination shows that the uterus is uniformly enlarged and spherical, with a hard texture. It is generally about the size of a 2-month gestation and may be slightly tender.

(III) Uterine fibroids

Dysmenorrhea is not the main symptom of uterine fibroids, but submucosal fibroids can cause spasmodic pain during menstruation due to stimulation of uterine contractions. Patients often have menorrhagia, prolonged menstruation or irregular vaginal bleeding. Pelvic examination may reveal varying degrees of enlargement of the uterus, with a smooth surface or nodular protrusions.

Lower abdominal pain and infertility are the main symptoms of chronic pelvic inflammatory disease. During menstruation, pelvic congestion or acute inflammation induced by menstruation can cause abdominal pain to worsen. Most patients have a history of infertility and acute pelvic inflammatory disease. Pelvic examination shows that the uterus is often posterior, with poor mobility or even completely fixed.

(V) Reproductive tract malformations

During embryonic development, one side of the mesonephric duct can develop well, forming a well-developed unicornuate uterus. The paramesonephric duct on the other side is poorly developed, forming a rudimentary horn or a primordial uterus, which is not connected to the opposite side or to the body. The primordial uterus generally has no uterine cavity, or if there is a uterine cavity, it lacks endometrium. If the primordial uterus has functional response, manifested as periodic bleeding, dysmenorrhea may be caused by blood accumulation in the uterine cavity. Most of the patients are young girls.