What tests should be done to prepare for the second child?

As we all know, the country has now fully liberalized the two-child policy. In such an environment, more and more families have the idea of ​​having a second child. However, the country is also vigorously advocating eugenics, so couples who want to have a second child must make sufficient pre-pregnancy preparations. It is best to go to a regular hospital for detailed examinations, especially the following examination items are essential.

What tests should be done to prepare for the second child?

Some people say: When giving birth to the first child, everything was normal, so do I need to do a pre-pregnancy check when preparing to have a second baby? The answer is yes: of course. So, what kind of examinations are needed to prepare for a second child?

At present, routine pre-pregnancy check-ups for women mainly include: routine mandatory tests (routine blood tests, urine analysis), reproductive system examination (screening for Trichomonas, fungal, mycoplasma and chlamydia infections through leucorrhea, or screening for sexually transmitted diseases such as syphilis serum antibody testing and HIV antibody testing), cervical cancer prevention scraping (TCT), liver function and six hepatitis B tests, four eugenics tests (TORCH) (rubella virus, cytomegalovirus, toxoplasmosis and herpes simplex virus, etc.) and genetic disease examination.

In addition to the above examinations, mothers who are preparing to have a second child should pay special attention to the following five aspects:

1. Monitor blood pressure and blood sugar

With age, the degree of vascular endothelial damage progressively worsens. The incidence of pregnancy complications such as severe preeclampsia, placenta previa, placental abruption, premature rupture of membranes and postpartum hemorrhage in multiparas is significantly higher than that in primiparas, which can lead to an increased incidence of gestational hypertension. Therefore, before pregnancy, attention should be paid to monitoring blood pressure and blood sugar levels. If there are abnormalities, early treatment should be sought. It is best to wait until the condition stabilizes before becoming pregnant.

2. Check for pelvic inflammatory disease

Most multiparous women have a history of artificial abortion, induced labor, or IUD removal before this pregnancy, which can easily lead to endometritis, and then to problems such as placenta previa and placenta implantation. Therefore, before planning a pregnancy, appropriate gynecological examinations and auxiliary examinations such as B-ultrasound should be performed to rule out pelvic inflammatory diseases. Mild pelvic inflammatory disease can be treated conservatively with medication, while severe cases require surgical treatment.

3. Blood type test cannot be ignored

Neonatal hemolytic disease due to maternal-fetal blood type incompatibility is more common in multiparous women or women with a history of miscarriage. It is an immune hemolytic disease of the fetus or neonate caused by maternal-fetal blood type incompatibility. Clinically, it is mainly divided into ABO blood type incompatibility and Rh blood type incompatibility. Blood type incompatibility can lead to miscarriage, fetal edema, and in severe cases, intrauterine fetal death. However, these can be monitored early and treated. Therefore, before you prepare to have a second baby, ladies should pay attention to their blood type. If the female has RH negative blood, or the female has type O blood and the male has a blood type other than type O, blood type antibodies must be checked. Only with a baseline value can you have regular checkups during pregnancy to monitor whether the fetus's growth and development are normal.

4. Exercise and control your weight properly before pregnancy

Some multiparous women can finally "break the fast" after giving birth, which leads to an unreasonable diet structure and excessive intake of fat and protein, causing excessive development of the fetus. In addition, the number of births of multiparous women increases, the volume of the uterine cavity changes, the early pregnancy reaction is mild, and the abdominal wall is loose, all of which can lead to macrosomia, resulting in dystocia, postpartum hemorrhage, etc. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen fitness and control weight reasonably before pregnancy. This is also one of the measures to ensure a smooth pregnancy.

5. Genetic disease examination

Hereditary diseases are more dangerous for second children at an advanced age, because the eggs of women who give birth again at an advanced age have a certain degree of aging, and the meiotic process can easily cause chromosome nondisjunction. The accumulation of pollution, radiation, and drugs increases the chances of chromosomal aberrations and gene mutations, making it easier to give birth to defective children. Therefore, before having a second child, both husband and wife should undergo a chromosome test. If they are worried about neonatal hemolytic disease, the woman should undergo a blood type analysis. In addition, the woman should check her thyroid function, glucose tolerance test, etc. to eliminate exogenous and endocrine diseases.