What are the symptoms of female breast disease?

Compared with men, women's body structure is more complicated, for example, the reproductive system is much more complicated, so they are more prone to gynecological diseases. In addition, there are many types of breast diseases among women. The most common ones include mastitis, breast hyperplasia, and breast tumors, etc. These diseases will greatly endanger women's healthy life. So what are the most common symptoms of breast diseases in women?

Symptoms of female breast disease:

1. Symptoms of breast inflammation

Fever, chills, palpable nodules in the breast (single or multiple), redness, swelling and pain in the breast, nipple discharge, etc.

2. Benign breast tumors

When the tumor is large, a nodule with clear boundaries and smooth surface can be felt. It is soft in texture and has good mobility. It may be tender or not tender, and grows slowly.

3. Breast malignancy

The main manifestation is painless nodules, which may be single or multiple, with unclear boundaries, rough surface, hard texture, rapid growth, and adhesion to surrounding tissues. When the tumor involves the skin, the skin may appear wrinkled, consolidated, or even ulcerated and bleeding, and the nipple may become sunken. Enlarged axillary lymph nodes on the same side of the breast disease may be palpable.

examine:

1. X-ray examination

Commonly used methods are molybdenum target X-ray examination and dry plate photography. For women over 40 years old, photos can be taken once a year; for women under 40 years old, those with high-risk factors and suspicious lesions can choose to take photos.

2. Ultrasound examination

B-ultrasound is a non-invasive examination and can be used repeatedly. It is the first choice for adolescents or dense glands because it is good at distinguishing cystic and solid masses. The use of high-frequency probes and color Doppler ultrasound can further show the blood supply around the mass, which is helpful for differential diagnosis.

3. CT and MRI

CT has a high density resolution, but a relatively lower spatial resolution than X-rays. Its advantage is that it can observe changes in the chest wall and detect lesions in the tail of the breast, and enlarged axillary and internal mammary lymph nodes better than X-rays. Magnetic resonance imaging has high soft tissue resolution and higher sensitivity than mammographic X-ray examinations. It can observe lesions in three dimensions and can not only provide the morphological characteristics of the lesions, but also provide the hemodynamic conditions of the lesions using dynamic enhancement, bringing the diagnosis of breast diseases and lesion detection to a new level.

4. Ductoscopy

Ductoscopy is mainly used to diagnose the cause of nipple discharge. Ductoscopy has the advantages of easy operation, more intuitive examination results, and less trauma, which effectively improves the diagnosis rate of space-occupying lesions in the milk ducts. It can also brush cells for cytological examination, excise diseased tissue for pathological examination, and even directly remove some single benign ductal lesions. At present, breast ductoscopy is widely used by more and more medical institutions due to its unique advantages.

5. Mammary duct X-ray

For patients with nipple discharge or suspicious masses on X-rays accompanied by obvious thickening of the ducts, breast duct X-ray can be performed with less irritating iodine-containing contrast agents (such as diatrizoate), which is of certain value in diagnosing intraductal lesions or the nature of breast masses. But it has been gradually replaced by ductoscopy.

6. Histopathological Biopsy

Fine needle aspiration cytology is currently commonly used, and a more definitive cytological diagnosis can be obtained in 80% to 90% of cases. For those suspected of having breast cancer, the tumor can be removed together with the surrounding breast tissue and a rapid pathological examination can be performed. For patients who are highly suspected of malignancy, core needle puncture or vacuum-assisted minimally invasive breast biopsy can be performed to ensure a larger amount of tissue puncture, facilitate preoperative immunohistochemical analysis, and clarify molecular typing to provide the most accurate information for the formulation of preoperative neoadjuvant chemotherapy and other programs for breast cancer patients.