What does occult blood eleven mean?

In medicine, + and - are used to indicate the symptoms of occult blood in urine. If the test result is normal, - is used to indicate it, and if it is abnormal, + is used to indicate it. The occult blood number 11 indicates +11, which is positive and indicates the presence of the disease. From the perspective of clinical causes, urinary tract infection, chronic nephritis, stones, tumors, etc. are the main causes. Female friends may experience this symptom during postmenstrual examination. It is not an abnormal manifestation and needs to be re-examined.

1. Expression of hematuria

Urine occult blood is a name, which means "potential bleeding" in the urine, which is detected through routine urine examination. There is an item of red blood cells in the routine urine test. If the number of red blood cells increases (normally negative, indicated by "-"), a small number of them can become urine occult blood (positive, indicated by "+").

A positive urine occult blood test only means that the urine contains red blood cells, but these are not the real, complete red blood cells seen under a microscope, but the red blood cell components detected by a computer. Red blood cells in a normal person's body are constantly destroyed and their components are excreted in the urine. Therefore, some normal people may also have positive occult blood in their urine. Under normal circumstances, 0-1 red blood cells per high-power field of view is within the normal range. Hematuria can only be diagnosed when the number of red blood cells in the urine under microscopic examination is greater than 3/Hp.

A positive urine occult blood test means that there are red blood cells in the urine, but it is not visible hematuria, but the red blood cells are found through testing methods. Hematuria is divided into gross hematuria, total hematuria, and positive urine occult blood; in clinical practice, the three-cup test is also used to analyze where the hematuria comes from. The three-cup test is that the patient divides his urine into three parts and places them in three test tubes. If hematuria is found in the first tube, it means that the bleeding site is in the urethra; if hematuria is found only in the last cup, it means that the bleeding site is from the bladder; if hematuria is found in all three cups, it means that the hematuria is from the kidneys. Blood clots in the urine often indicate bleeding in the bladder or urethra.

2. What are the causes of hematuria?

Generally, occult blood in urine is attributed to the following three reasons: inflammation, stones, and tumors. Regarding inflammation, such as glomerulonephritis, pyelonephritis, cystitis, etc., in addition to hematuria, occult blood may also occur in urine tests. The stones themselves, whether they are kidney, ureter or bladder stones, may cause occult blood. Other situations such as constipation during menstruation may also cause occult blood.

In addition, tumors can also cause occult blood, such as benign or malignant tumors of the kidney, bladder, and ureter. Of course, older men have prostate hypertrophy and excessive residual urine, which makes the bladder prone to inflammation. The blood vessels on the surface of the prostate are congested, and they have difficulty urinating. After straining to urinate, they may have hematuria or occult blood. In fact, prostate hypertrophy is also a type of tumor. It is a tumor of the prostate, which becomes enlarged due to proliferation. Therefore, tumors of the urinary tract should not be taken lightly. At this time, intravenous pyelography should be performed. If there is no problem with the angiography, transitional cell tumor can be ruled out. Urinalysis should also be checked regularly. If there is still occult blood, you should go to the nephrology department for treatment and perform a renal puncture biopsy if necessary.

The most worrying thing is hematuria caused by nephritis. Many patients, including many children, suffer from repeated attacks of the disease due to kidney disease or incomplete treatment of the disease. They have hematuria and cannot find the cause. At this time, proteinuria and edema may also occur. At this time, they should not simply receive symptomatic treatment, but go to a specialist hospital for reexamination and systematic treatment based on the kidney disease and previous medical history.