What is the cause of congenital unicornuate uterus?

The uterus is the main organ for embryonic growth and development. Once the uterus becomes diseased, its function will be affected, which will affect female fertility and lead to infertility. There are many types of abnormal uterine morphology, including bicornuate uterus, unicornuate uterus and septate uterus, etc. A unicornuate uterus is one in which only one uterine horn is connected to the fallopian tube on the same side. Below, the editor will introduce in detail the causes of female uterine malformations.

The cause of congenital monocornuate uterus is that during embryonic development, when the paramesonephric duct heals, only one side exists and the opposite side does not heal, so there is neither uterus, ovary nor fallopian tube on the opposite side. Also, since patients can have regular menstruation (although the amount is small), it is rarely detected early.

1. Internal factors: such as nondisjunction of germ cell chromosomes, mosaicism, karyotype abnormalities, etc.

2. External factors: such as the use of sex hormone drugs.

According to experts, the differentiation and development of primitive gonads, the fusion of the primordial elements of the internal genitalia, the duct cavification and development may change, leading to various developmental abnormalities. Abnormalities caused by incomplete development of the paramesonephric duct derivatives will lead to developmental abnormalities of the uterus and fallopian tubes, such as absence of uterus, absence of vagina, primordial uterus, uterine hypoplasia, unicornuate uterus, etc. Fusion disorders of the paramesonephric duct derivatives will lead to developmental abnormalities such as didelphys, bicornuate uterus, saddle uterus and septate uterus.

If the uterus is unicornuate or bicornuate, premature birth may also occur because as the baby grows, at a certain point, the uterus can no longer expand further to accommodate the baby, so when the uterine wall is over-stretched, it will trigger uterine contractions and delivery. Premature birth may also be caused by an abnormally shaped cervix, which is unable to strongly support the baby in the uterine cavity above it, and instead dilates prematurely, causing the baby to be delivered.

The above are the causes of unicornuate uterus. There are many types of uterine malformations and their treatments are also different. If women want to give birth to healthy babies, they must pay close attention to the health of their uterus and care about their fertility. Once uterine diseases occur, they must actively seek treatment and defend their right to reproduce.