How does the endometrium cycle change?

Women’s lives are inseparable from changes in their reproductive organs. Due to the influence of hormones, women need to avoid certain problems in each specific period to improve the quality of life. Women’s physiological cycle has certain rules and there are regularities to follow. The physical condition during a specific period is also fixed, and these problems can be dealt with in a targeted manner. So what are the specific changes in the endometrial cycle?

The endometrium changes with the cyclical changes of the ovaries and is generally divided into four stages, which are briefly described as follows:

1. Proliferation phase After menstruation, under the action of estrogen, the basal cells of the endometrium begin to proliferate, first repairing the wound surface at the exfoliation site, and then thickening due to continued proliferation, the glands increase in number, become wider, and gradually bend. The blood vessels also proliferate, gradually becoming spiral-shaped. The stroma proliferates and becomes dense.

This period is equivalent to the stage of follicle maturation, which is about the 5th to 14th day of the menstrual cycle.

Second, the secretory phase is about 15 to 23 days of the menstrual cycle, which is equivalent to the progesterone and estrogen secreted by the corpus luteum during the mature phase after ovulation. The proliferative phase will cause the endometrium to continue to thicken, the glands to further expand and bend, and secretion will occur. The blood vessels also grow rapidly and become more curved. The interstitium becomes loose and edematous. At this time, the endometrium is thick and soft, rich in nutrients, and is conducive to the implantation and development of the fertilized egg.

3. Premenstrual period is equivalent to the corpus luteum regression stage, which is about 24 to 28 days of menstruation. When the corpus luteum degenerates, the levels of progesterone and estrogen gradually decrease. This decrease in hormones will cause the endometrial interstitial edema to subside and become dense, causing blood vessels to be squeezed and blood flow to stagnate. Finally, local vascular spasmodic contraction occurs in turn, causing endometrial ischemia, necrosis, and vascular rupture and bleeding.

Fourth, the menstrual period is the 1st to 4th day of the menstrual cycle. In the functional layer of the endometrium (the part above the basal layer, about 5 to 6 mm thick, scattered small hematomas will cause the necrotic endometrium to peel off and be discharged with the blood, which is called menstruation. The basal layer of the endometrium then begins to proliferate and form a new endometrium. Therefore, the menstrual period is actually the end of one cycle and the beginning of the next cycle.

According to the characteristics of each cycle, it can be beneficial to conception, and some physical examinations can be done according to the time. Because of the changes in hormones in the body, fitness or exercise can be adopted at the same time to achieve a better state of the body. The problems that need to be paid attention to during menstruation are also very common. Pay attention to rest and supplement the corresponding blood-enriching and blood-activating foods. Taking good care of the body in each period can reduce the occurrence of many gynecological problems.