Pathological changes of endometrial polyps

Endometrial polyps are very harmful to women's health. Once this type of disease occurs, it must be treated in time, otherwise it will induce a variety of diseases in women. At the same time, if it is serious, it will have a great impact on women's fertility. Many people are not very clear about this disease, so before treating this disease, it is necessary to understand the pathological changes of endometrial polyps in all aspects.

Pathological changes of endometrial polyps:

Grossly, the most common type is localized endometrial tumors protruding into the uterine cavity, which may be single or multiple, gray-red, shiny, and generally small in size, with an average diameter of 0.5 to 2 cm. The small ones are only 1 to 2 mm in diameter, while the large and multiple ones can fill the uterine cavity. The pedicles vary in thickness and length, and the longer ones may protrude beyond the cervical opening. Some have shorter pedicles and grow diffusely. The surface of the polyp often has hemorrhagic necrosis and may also be infected. If the pedicle is twisted, hemorrhagic infarction may occur.

Microscopic examination: Endometrial polyps are composed of endometrium, covered with a layer of cuboidal epithelium or low columnar epithelium. The middle part of the polyp forms a fibrous longitudinal axis, which contains blood vessels.

Due to the narrow pedicle and reduced blood supply, polyps are very prone to degeneration. Polyps are most prone to intravascular thrombosis, turning dark purple due to blood stasis, and often begin to necrotize at the top, and may eventually rot and fall off.

The pathological diagnostic criteria for malignant transformation of polyps are: ① The entire morphology of the polyp must be seen; ② The malignant transformation is limited to the polyp; ③ There is no cancerous transformation in the inner membrane around the polyp. Care should be taken to differentiate it from endometrial adenocarcinoma which presents a polyp-like growth.

This disease can occur at any age after puberty, but is more common in women over 35 years old. Single, small endometrial polyps often have no clinical symptoms and are often discovered during gross examination after hysterectomy due to other diseases, or diagnosed after diagnostic curettage. Patients with multiple diffuse type often have menorrhagia and prolonged menstruation, which are related to the increase in endometrial area and excessive endometrial hyperplasia. Large polyps or polyps that protrude into the cervical canal are prone to secondary infection and necrosis, causing irregular bleeding and foul-smelling bloody secretions.

The main symptoms are increased menstrual volume or irregular uterine bleeding; polyps can be seen or touched at the cervical opening and the uterine body is slightly enlarged. Hysteroscopy or segmental diagnostic curettage and sending the removed tissue or polyps for pathological examination can confirm the diagnosis and differentiate it from dysfunctional uterine bleeding, submucosal uterine fibroids and endometrial cancer.

After understanding the pathological changes of endometrial polyps, when suffering from such a disease, it is also necessary to adjust one's own emotions, which will be of great help in the treatment of the disease. Many people are emotionally unstable when treating endometrial polyps, which is of no help in controlling the disease, so this is also something to pay attention to.