Examples of common diseases in endocrinology

The endocrine system is a very important system for regulating the internal body. A large part of our body is regulated by it. Inside our body, many of our physiological activities are maintained by it, so we must maintain our endocrine system. Below we list several common diseases in the endocrinology department.

diabetes

Clinical manifestations

1. Polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia, and weight loss

Severe hyperglycemia causes typical symptoms of "three mores and one less", which are more common in type 1 diabetes. The symptoms of "three more and one less" are more obvious when ketosis or ketoacidosis occurs.

2. Fatigue, obesity

More common in type 2 diabetes. Type 2 diabetes often precedes obesity, and if it is not diagnosed promptly, weight will gradually decrease.

Differential Diagnosis

1. Liver disease

Patients with cirrhosis often have abnormal glucose metabolism, typically with normal or low fasting blood sugar and a rapid rise in blood sugar after meals. Fasting blood sugar may also increase in patients with long-term illness.

2. Chronic renal insufficiency

Mild abnormalities in glucose metabolism may occur.

3. Stress

Many stressful conditions such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular accidents, acute infections, trauma, and surgical operations may cause a transient increase in blood sugar, which can be recovered 1 to 2 weeks after the stress factors are eliminated.

4. Various endocrine diseases

For example, acromegaly, Cushing's syndrome, hyperthyroidism, pheochromocytoma, and glucocortinoma can cause secondary diabetes. In addition to increased blood sugar, there are other characteristic manifestations, which are not difficult to identify.

Thyroid disease

Common diseases that cause goiter include:

1. The enlarged thyroid gland due to hyperthyroidism is soft in texture and may vibrate when palpated. A "buzzing" vascular murmur may be heard. This is the result of an increase in the number and thickness of blood vessels and an increase in blood flow.

2. Simple goiter is a prominent enlargement of the gland that may be diffuse or nodular, without any signs of hyperthyroidism.

3. When palpated, the mass of thyroid cancer may feel nodular, irregular, and hard. Because it develops slowly and is sometimes small in size, it is easy to be confused with thyroid adenoma and anterior cervical lymph node enlargement.

prevention

⒈Try to avoid head and neck X-ray exposure in childhood.

⒉ Maintaining a happy spirit and preventing emotional injury are important aspects of preventing the occurrence of this disease.

⒊ In view of water and soil factors, pay attention to dietary adjustment, eat kelp, clams, seaweed regularly and use iodized salt. But too much iodine can be harmful, and in fact may be another risk factor for certain types of thyroid cancer.

⒋ Thyroid cancer patients should eat nutritious foods and fresh vegetables, and avoid fatty, dry, and spicy foods.

There are always diseases around us caused by problems with the endocrine system. These must attract our attention. We must realize the importance of health from these people and take good care of ourselves. If everyone will encounter illness in his or her life, then we should also live positively.