Lecture on the prevention and control of common diseases for students

Unhealthy lifestyles and bad behavioral habits have an impact on our health. The four most common problems among our teenagers are: myopia, obesity, tooth decay, and scoliosis.

The first problem is myopia

The harm of myopia, in addition to the inability to see clearly at close range, is also prone to eye complications; the incidence rate of cataracts and glaucoma is significantly higher than that of normal people; high myopia can easily cause vitreous liquefaction and opacity, macular degeneration, retinal hemorrhage, etc.

How to prevent myopia among teenagers?

1. First of all, we must develop good eye hygiene habits and avoid bad reading and writing habits. Do not read, write, or use electronic products while walking, eating, or lying in bed; do not read, write, or use electronic products in dim light or direct sunlight. Develop correct reading and writing habits and keep the "three ones" in reading and writing.

If you use electronic devices when studying, you should keep in mind the principle of "bigger is better than smaller, farther is better than closer". The priority of choosing electronic devices is projector > TV > computer > tablet > mobile phone. Don't use mobile phones to study unless it is absolutely necessary.

When using electronic devices, the standard distance is 4-6 times the diagonal of the electronic screen. It is best to look at the screen slightly below your line of sight and do not look up, because looking up at the screen requires your eyes to be open wider, which can easily cause eyestrain.

In addition, to create a suitable eye environment, the study desks and chairs should be of appropriate height, with good lighting, and the lamps should be flicker-free; warm white light, non-glaring, and comfortable lighting.

Eye use time, reading and writing continuous eye use time should not exceed long (40 minutes), do a good job of intermittent eye use: learn to use the "20-20-20 eye use rule" to use the eyes for 20 minutes at close range, and look at a distance of 20 feet away (6 meters) for no less than 20 seconds, so as to relax the eyes, and do eye exercises every day to ensure that the acupoints are accurate and the strength is moderate, which can truly relieve fatigue and prevent it. In addition, it is necessary to ensure daily sleep time, high school students should not be less than 8 hours a day, junior high school students should not be less than 9 hours a day, and primary school students should not be less than 10 hours a day.

In terms of eating habits, we should consume foods rich in vitamins and carotene, such as oranges, blueberries, carrots, pumpkins, tomatoes and other fruits and vegetables.

In terms of exercise habits, we should do more outdoor activities, bask in the sun, and ensure more than 2 hours of outdoor activities every day, which can effectively prevent and control myopia. In addition, we should pay attention to signs of abnormal vision, so as to achieve early detection and early correction to prevent myopia from further deepening.

The second problem is dental caries

What is dental caries? Dental caries is the demineralization of the hard tissue, dissolution of organic matter, and destruction of the tooth tissue under the influence of internal and external factors of the body. This is what we call tooth decay. Tooth decay manifests as blackening and holes in the teeth. At the beginning, there is no feeling, only the color of the tooth surface turns yellow or black. Over time, bacteria gradually corrode the teeth to form black holes. If it continues to develop, the final result is tooth loss.

How to prevent tooth decay?

1. Keep your mouth clean. Brush your teeth every morning and evening. Brush your teeth correctly. Rinse your mouth after meals. It is recommended to use fluoride toothpaste when brushing your teeth, because fluoride can form a protective layer on the teeth. 2. Eat less sugar and carbonated drinks. 3. Avoid smoking. 4. Have regular oral examinations to detect and treat early.

The third problem is obesity

Increased risk of early onset of diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia.

What is a healthy weight or standard weight? It is generally measured by the internationally accepted body mass index (BMI), which is a formula that is obtained by dividing weight (kg) by the square of height (m). The BMI range for a healthy weight is generally 18.5-23.9. A BMI greater than or equal to 28 is considered obese. A BMI less than 18.5 is considered thin.

How to maintain a healthy weight?

1. Good eating habits and a balanced diet are crucial. It is recommended to diversify food, mainly cereals, eat more vegetables, fruits and protein-rich foods, eat less high-fat, high-sugar, high-salt and high-calorie foods, eat regularly and in fixed quantities, and chew slowly.

2. Strengthen physical exercise and exercise scientifically. Overweight and obese people should develop a scientific weight loss plan under the guidance of professionals, and promote safe weight loss.

3. Getting enough sleep helps maintain the body's balance and normal metabolism.

4. Closely monitor weight changes, measure weight regularly, calculate index, and measure waist circumference. This can help us detect weight fluctuations in time and take appropriate adjustment measures in time.

The fourth type of problem

Scoliosis: The incidence of scoliosis among children and adolescents in my country is as high as 8%, which is higher than the international incidence. Scoliosis affects body posture, causes pain, spinal joint degeneration, and affects growth and development as well as cardiopulmonary function.

Therefore, we should pay attention to protecting our spinal health in daily life to prevent abnormal spinal curvature. First, adjust the way you carry your backpack frequently to avoid carrying it on one side for a long time, which will cause uneven force on the spine. Second, pay attention to maintaining the correct standing and walking posture, keep your chest and abdomen straight, and relax your shoulders to keep the spine in a natural physiological curvature. Third, strengthen physical exercise to enhance the strength and flexibility of the muscles around the spine. 4. Perform regular spinal health checks to detect problems and intervene in time.