The world's first and only case! Ael subtype blood type discovered in Xiamen, rarer than "panda blood"

recently

A man in Xiamen applied for blood typing during a physical examination

Blood transfusion department routinely checks blood typing

The blood type serological experimental pattern of the research subjects was found

Randester's Law

QWhat is Landerst's Law?

A: Simply put, the Landerst's Law rule states that if there is no A or B antigen on an individual's red blood cells, there should be corresponding anti-A or anti-B in the plasma, but the research subject does not meet this rule.

Doctors reviewed the test tube method and anti-H test

Absorption and emission test and other professional tests

Serological results showed

↓↓↓

The man's blood type was determined to be subtype Ael.

This is the world's first Ael subtype blood type

This type of blood is even rarer than the so-called "panda blood".

Ael subtype is a rare ABO subtype

In 1901, scientists discovered the ABO blood group system by mixing different human sera and red blood cells. The ABO gene is located on chromosome 9, and the phenotype is controlled by three alleles (A, B, and O genes). The A and B genes are autosomal dominant genes, and the O gene is an inactive allele.

A: Red blood cells contain A antigen, serum contains anti-B antibodies

B: Red blood cells contain B antigen and serum contains anti-A antibody

AB: Red blood cells contain A antigen, B antigen, no antibody in serum

O: No antigen in red blood cells, anti-A and anti-B antibodies in serum

(Photo source: Kunming Center for Disease Control and Prevention)

Ael is a rare ABO subtype, which is inherited from a rare allele at the ABO locus.

How do people with rare blood types receive blood transfusions? Seeing this, many friends have questions, how do people with rare blood types receive blood transfusions?

Doctors said that in emergency situations , type A major side cross-compatible red blood cell products , or type O washed red blood cells can be transfused, or autologous blood can be collected and stored for transfusion.

The most widely used solution is to store one's own blood in advance. Since autologous blood transfusion can avoid blood-borne diseases and immunosuppression, it is the best blood source for patients with rare blood types.

In addition to ABO

There are also these rare blood types that you don't know .

The first thing that comes to everyone's mind must be

Type A, Type B, Type AB, Type O

And worldwide

In addition to our common ABO

There are also these rare blood types

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Panda blood/RH negative blood type

Panda blood is the common name for Rh negative blood type, which is one of the Rh blood type system.

In China, more than 99% of people with Rh blood type are Rh positive. Among the Han and other ethnic minorities, people with Rh negative blood type account for less than 1% of the population. Panda blood exists in 15% of Caucasians.

P blood type

P blood type is a very rare blood type, with a prevalence rate of less than 0.001% in the global population. Except for Japan and Sweden, there is only one case reported in other countries and regions. In Europe, there are 5.8 cases of P blood type per million people.

Bombay blood group

The Bombay blood type was first discovered by YM Bhende in Mumbai, India in 1952, so it is also called the Bombay blood type. It is extremely rare in China, with the proportion of people with this blood type being only one in a hundred thousand in the country.

Schematic diagram of blood type-related antigens (Source: Dingxiangyuan Testing Time)

People with Bombay blood type cannot receive blood of any ABO blood type , because these bloods contain at least one of the A, B, and H antigens, which are foreign antigens to them, thus causing autoimmune reactions. Therefore, they can only receive blood transfusions from other Bombay blood type individuals.

In addition to the rare blood types introduced above, humans have also discovered the NSSU blood type, Diego blood type, Kell blood type, Lutheran blood type, etc.