Girls' reproductive organs pictures

Female internal genitalia: anatomical name. A hidden part of the female reproductive organ. Includes the female vagina, cervix, uterus, bilateral fallopian tubes and uterus and ovaries. Due to individual differences and reproductive history, age, medical factors and other factors, these organs can vary greatly in shape, size, and relative position. The female internal reproductive system consists of the location of the prostate, transport ducts and attached glandular ducts.

1. Intravaginal: The intravaginal is a part of female internal reproductive organs. It is also the safe channel for the discharge of sexual organs and menstrual blood and the delivery of the fetus. Its wall is composed of mucosa, muscular layer and chemical fiber layer. Normally, the front and back walls of the vagina are close to each other, and their mucosa is covered with stratified squamous epithelium. Under the influence of estrogen, they change regularly and have the function of resisting infection. However, the epithelial cells of the vaginal mucosa of young girls and postmenopausal women are very thin and are very susceptible to trauma and infection.

2. Cervix: The cervical muscle layer is dominated by connective tissue containing collagen fibers. Smooth muscle accounts for about 15% of cervical tissue and is a continuation of the longitudinal smooth muscle of the uterine body myometrium. It can be divided into three layers, the inner and outer layers of muscle tissue are arranged in vertical columns, and the inner layer is arranged in a circular pattern. There is a group of spirally arranged circular smooth muscles on the muscle wall and inside the cervix, which serve to dilate. There is no smooth muscle component inside the cervix and vagina.

3. Bilateral fallopian tubes: anatomical name. It is a pair of long, thin and curved muscular tubes in women, 10 to 12 cm long and 5 mm in diameter, located on both sides of the fundus of the uterus and encapsulated in the inner edge of the platysma tendon of the uterus. The two horns of the uterus extend to the left and right ovaries, forming the channels that transport eggs into the uterus. Each bilateral fallopian tube is divided into four parts: the interstitial part, isthmus, ampulla and Brunner's funnel. The interstitial part is contained in the muscle of the uterus. The lumen is roughly inclined upward and outward at the beginning. It is 0.8 to 2 cm long and has a lumen diameter of 0.5 to 1.0 mm; the muscle wall, that is, the narrow part close to the uterus, has a lumen diameter of 2 to 3 mm.

4. Uterus and ovaries: located in the female pelvis, they are a pair of actual sexual organs. It belongs to the female sex hormone, is flat and oval in shape, and is divided into the upper, lower, and lower parts. The outer side is attached to the outer wall of the pelvis, located at the angle between the origin and ending parts of the internal iliac and external aorta, and the inner side is facing the uterus; the upper side is connected to the pelvic wall by the uterine and ovarian suspensory tendons, and the lower side is connected to the uterus by the original uterine and ovarian tendons; the edge is mineral acid, the outer edge has mesentery adhesion, and blood vessels, lymphatic vessels and nerves enter and exit.

Anatomical structure

1. Inside the vagina: It is a muscular tube connecting the uterus and reproductive organs. It is flat from front to back and left to right, quite expansive, and about 9 cm long. It is narrow at the bottom, with the opening of the vaginal vestibule; it surrounds the inside of the cervix and vagina at the top, and creates an annular space around it, which is called the internal vaginal vault. The vaginal fornix is ​​divided into the anterior fornix, posterior fornix and lateral fornixes. Among them, the anterior fornix and lateral fornix are not very obvious, the posterior fornix is ​​deeper, and it is adjacent to the uterine duodenal pouch through the vaginal wall. The uterine duodenal pouch is the smallest part of the peritoneal cavity. If there is blood accumulation in the peritoneal cavity, it is mostly accumulated here.

2. Cervix: The cervix is ​​about 2.5 to 3 cm long and is the thinnest part of the uterus. The lower 1/3 of the cervix extends into the vaginal cavity. The inner wall of the cervix is ​​fusiform and is called the cervical canal. The top of the tube connects to the muscle wall and is called the internal os of the cervix. The lower part of the tube communicates with the vaginal cavity, which is called the external cervical opening.

3. Uterus: A muscular sac that creates the fetus. Its shape, size and location not only change with age, but also change more during pregnancy and childbirth. Therefore, the shape and position of the uterus under normal conditions generally described are based on young non-pregnant women.

The entire uterus is in the shape of an inverted pear, slightly flattened from front to back and from left to right. It can be divided into three parts: base, body and neck. The part that bulges upward from the middle of the cervical openings of both fallopian tubes is called the fundus of the uterus; the flat part in the center is called the uterine body; and the narrow tubular part below is called the cervix. The uterine gorge is a narrow point where the uterine body and neck meet. The lower part of the cervix extends into the vagina, called the cervicovaginal part, and the upper end of the neck is above the vagina, called the upper cervicovaginal part.

The inner wall of the uterus is quite narrow and is divided into two parts, upper and lower. The upper end is in the body of the uterus, so it is called the uterine body, which is a triangular flat gap. The top of the uterus points downward, the bottom of the uterus points upward, and there are bilateral fallopian tube cervical openings on both sides of the bottom of the uterus. Below is a fusiform tube located in the cervix, hence the name cervical canal. The upper opening is called the middle opening of the cervical canal, which is continuous with the uterine and renal tubes; the lower opening is called the external opening of the cervical canal, which enters the vagina. The external opening is circular, but in primiparas it is transversely fissured, with the front and edges called the anterior lip and posterior lip respectively. The innermost mucous membrane of the uterus is called the uterine wall; the middle and high layers are thick smooth muscle, with fibers in longitudinal, circular, and oblique areas, but the layers are not obvious; the outermost layer is called the uterine exometrium, and the serosa is at the bottom and body of the uterus. The uterine wall of pregnant women is affected by the regular changes in the endocrine system of the uterus and ovaries, and also shows regular changes. Among them, the most obvious change is the periodic shedding and bleeding of the uterine wall. This regular change is called the menstrual cycle.

The uterus is located in the center of the pelvis, adjacent to the bladder in front and the duodenum behind. When everything is normal, it is in the forward extension and flexion position. Protrusion means that the short axis of the uterus tilts forward, and it is open to the front with the vagina; flexion means that the uterus and the neck form a slight forward bend. The position of the uterus can be maintained in a normal state. In addition to the function of repairing the surrounding internal organs and pelvis, it is also fixed by the tendons.

4. Bilateral fallopian tubes: They are long, thin, curved, triangular muscular tubes, about 7 to 15 cm long, one on the left and one on the right, located on both sides of the uterus and wrapped in the inner edge of the platysma tendon of the uterus. It extends horizontally from both sides of the uterus to the outside, reaches the lower part of the uterus, bends upward and rises along the outer edge of the uterus to the upper part, and then bends sharply backward and downward, forming a trend of surrounding the uterus. The inner end of the fallopian tube penetrates the endometrium and opens into the uterine body, which is called the cervical opening of the bilateral fallopian tube; the two side ends open into the peritoneal cavity, which is called the abdominal opening of the bilateral fallopian tube.

The total length of the bilateral fallopian tubes can be divided into four parts:

Bilateral Brunner's infundibulum of fallopian tubes: It is a part of the expansion at both ends, funnel-shaped, with many irregular finger-like protrusions around the edge, called bilateral fallopian tube fimbria, among which there is a largest protrusion, the full name of which is the uterine and ovarian fimbria.

Ampulla of the fallopian tube: The ampulla of the fallopian tube is connected to the Brunner's infundibulum, has a curved shape, and surrounds the uterus and ovaries. It is the longest section of the fallopian tubes on both sides, and the lumen is also relatively thick. Most eggs are fertilized here and sterilization operations are also performed here.

Bilateral fallopian tube isthmus: The bilateral fallopian tube isthmus is a section that continues from the level of the ampulla inward to the outer wall of the uterus. This segment is shorter and has a smaller lumen.

Uterine part: The uterine part is a section of the endometrium with the thinnest lumen.

5. Uterus and ovaries: one on the left and one on the right, located on the upper and posterior side of the uterus, in the uterine and ovarian fossa on the outer wall of the pelvis, sandwiched by the internal and external iliac arteries. The uterus and ovaries are flat and oval in shape, a little grayish-red in color, and can be divided into upper and lower sides; inner and outer surfaces; and front and back edges. It is connected to the upper opening of the pelvis above by the uterine and ovarian suspensory tendon. This tendon is a retroperitoneal fold that contains uterine and ovarian blood vessels and nerves; it is connected to the upper part of the lateral edge of the uterine body below by the original uterine and ovarian tendon. This tendon is composed of connective tissue and smooth muscle and is located in the platysma tendon of the uterus. The edge is mineral acid; the outer edge has a uterine and ovarian mesentery, which is composed of two layers of retroperitoneum and is connected to the posterior layer of the uterine platysma tendon. The shape and size of the uterus and ovaries change with age. Before estrus, the surface of the uterus and ovaries is smooth. When they reach sexual maturity, the uterus and ovaries become larger, with an average length of 2 to 3.5 cm, a width of 1 to 1.9 cm, a thickness of 0.5 to 1 cm, and a weight of 3 to 4 grams. After that, due to several ovulation periods, the surface becomes uneven. At the age of 35 to 40, the uterus and ovaries begin to shrink. At the age of 40 to 50, they gradually shrink with the end of menstruation, and eventually their size is only half of that at sexual maturity.