For the treatment of hypertension, just read this article!

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In recent years, the prevalence of hypertension in my country has continued to increase. Hypertension is one of the most common chronic diseases. It can cause cerebrovascular diseases, such as stroke and transient ischemic attack, as well as kidney disease, coronary heart disease and peripheral vascular disease. Among them, the most serious hazard of hypertension is that it causes damage to the function and structure of organs such as the heart, brain, and kidneys, inducing coronary heart disease, heart failure, myocardial infarction, and renal failure. Therefore, for patients with hypertension, if it can be detected and treated early, the damage to the body will be minimal. How to treat hypertension? You need to know this!

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1. Lifestyle treatment

1. Limit sodium salt: The daily salt intake of each person should be controlled below 6 grams, preferably below 3 grams; at the same time, try to reduce the consumption of processed foods with high salt content. In addition, the use of high-salt condiments such as soy sauce, monosodium glutamate, chicken essence, and bean paste should be reduced.

2. Quit smoking and limit alcohol consumption: Smoking can increase blood pressure and increase the risk of coronary heart disease and stroke. Limiting alcohol consumption can reduce the increase in blood pressure in patients with hypertension. Therefore, it is recommended that patients with hypertension should avoid drinking as much as possible.

3. Controlling high-fat diet can increase blood pressure and increase the risk of coronary heart disease and stroke. You should pay attention to reducing the intake of saturated fatty acids and cholesterol, such as animal offal, egg yolks, fatty meat, etc.

4. Increasing exercise can help improve cardiovascular function and control blood pressure levels. You should pay attention to increasing aerobic exercise such as brisk walking, jogging, Tai Chi, etc., and appropriately increase strength training such as push-ups and sit-ups.

5. Reducing mental stress is also related to the occurrence of hypertension. You should pay attention to regularizing your life, reducing mental stress as much as possible, and maintaining psychological balance. You should correctly deal with the setbacks and difficulties encountered in life and work, actively adjust yourself, and pay attention to the combination of work and rest.

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2. Drug treatment

1. Calcium channel blockers: Commonly used drugs include amlodipine, felodipine and benidipine. These three drugs can reduce arterial pressure to the maximum extent and have a certain resistance to other drugs for treating hypertension without causing obvious side effects.

2. Diuretics: Since diuretics can reduce blood volume and cardiac output, thereby lowering blood pressure, they have a good therapeutic effect on some patients with acute hypertension and hyporeninemia.

3. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI): This drug can inhibit the production of angiotensin and lower blood pressure. This type of drug includes captopril, enalapril, ramipril, etc. It has a good effect on mild and moderate hypertension and has fewer side effects.

4. Angiotensin II receptor antagonists: This drug can reduce adrenaline, dilate blood vessels, and thus lower blood pressure. This type of drug includes losartan, valsartan, etc.

5. Beta-blockers can slow down heart rate, reduce myocardial contractility and cardiac output, lower blood pressure and improve left ventricular ejection fraction. This type of drug includes metoprolol, atenolol, etc.

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3. Surgical treatment

1. Surgical treatment: There are three main surgical methods. The first is endarterectomy through the femoral artery or carotid artery, the second is bypass surgery through the carotid artery, and the third is vertebrobasilar decompression through the vertebral-basilar artery system. Generally, surgeons will choose the most appropriate surgical method based on the actual situation of the patient.

2. Vascular transplantation: Currently, the most common method is to transplant healthy human tissues or organs, because this method is less harmful to the body and does not leave scars. In addition, anti-rejection and immunosuppressive treatment should be done after the transplant. Some patients are not suitable for this operation, which may bring greater risks, so it is recommended that everyone undergo surgical treatment under the guidance of a doctor.

3. Sympathetic nerve blockade: lowering blood pressure by blocking the conduction of sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves in the human body. This method is suitable for some patients with milder hypertension, but it can only relieve symptoms and cannot completely cure it.

4. Dilate blood vessels: Blood pressure can be lowered by dilating blood vessels with drugs. However, this treatment method has certain side effects, which can make blood vessels brittle and easily cause problems such as cerebral hemorrhage and acute myocardial infarction.

5. Minimally invasive interventional therapy: It lowers blood pressure by laser burning or chemical corrosion of the inner wall of blood vessels, but this treatment method is very harmful to the body and is relatively expensive. Although it can lower blood pressure, it cannot completely cure hypertension, and this treatment method will cause many complications, so people should not choose this treatment method.

4. Psychotherapy

1. When the patient's blood pressure is lower than 140/90 mmHg, they can be given antihypertensive drugs for 3-6 months of treatment, and then their blood pressure can be measured again. If it drops below 130/80 mmHg, the medication can be stopped.

2. Some patients cannot reach the target blood pressure after taking antihypertensive drugs. In this case, the medication regimen and time should be changed. If the blood pressure is still high, the dosage should continue to be increased until the target blood pressure is reached.

3. For some patients whose blood pressure continues to rise after taking antihypertensive drugs, the following measures should be taken: Use of drug treatment: Consider the use of combined drug treatment, such as increasing the dose of diuretics, calcium antagonists and beta-blockers; Proper rest: Those with severe daytime blood pressure increase or nighttime blood pressure drop should get proper rest; Psychotherapy: Psychotherapy for patients with tension, anxiety and sleep disorders; Other therapies: such as acupuncture, massage, etc.

4. When the blood pressure of hypertensive patients is well controlled, they should increase physical exercise and physical labor appropriately to strengthen their physical fitness, eliminate fatigue and relax their mind.

5. Some patients cannot cooperate with treatment well. The family members of such patients should actively do a good job of ideological work for the patients. According to the conditions and characteristics of different patients, they should be arranged to participate in various activities in a planned manner, such as sports competitions, outings, listening to music, etc.

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5. Treatment with Traditional Chinese Medicine

The TCM syndrome differentiation of hypertension is divided into liver yang hyperactivity, kidney deficiency and phlegm turbidity, kidney deficiency and kidney coldness, qi and blood deficiency, etc. The commonly used treatment principles are to calm the liver and suppress yang, clear the liver and improve eyesight, and nourish the kidney and remove wind. For some patients with complications, a combination of Chinese and Western medicine can also be used for treatment.

The above five methods are commonly used in clinical practice, but they vary from person to person and disease to disease, so patients with hypertension must choose the most suitable treatment method according to their condition to achieve the best effect. At the same time, everyone should also pay attention to that patients with hypertension should pay attention to adjusting their diet, reducing salt intake, choosing low-fat and fiber-rich foods, and maintaining smooth bowel movements; at the same time, they should participate in more sports, smoke less and drink less; pay attention to maintaining a happy spirit and not being too tired.