Dietary modification is necessary for patients undergoing weight loss surgery

Weight loss surgery mainly changes the gastrointestinal structure of the human body to achieve the purpose of weight loss. However, weight loss surgery is not as simple as just having the surgery. To achieve a more ideal weight loss effect, patients undergoing weight loss surgery need to change their eating habits. Patients can improve their weight loss effect by correcting their eating habits and controlling their food intake.

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1. The role of weight loss surgery

Bariatric surgery is a treatment method that changes the gastrointestinal structure through surgery and is an effective means of treating obesity. Bariatric surgery performs surgical intervention on the gastrointestinal tissue of obese patients to change the gastrointestinal structure, reduce stomach capacity, control food intake, and reduce weight. Bariatric surgery can not only help obese patients lose weight, but also effectively reduce the risk of all-cause mortality in obese people and effectively solve other problems caused by obesity, such as hyperlipidemia, hyperuricemia, hypertension, coronary heart disease, polycystic ovary syndrome, menstrual disorders, infertility, asthma, sleep apnea, lower urinary tract symptoms, kidney disease, anxiety and depression. In addition, bariatric surgery can also treat obesity combined with type 2 diabetes, which is conducive to increasing the hope of diabetic patients to get rid of lifelong medication and complications, effectively improve their quality of life, and save them medical expenses.

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Commonly used weight loss surgeries in clinical practice include: ① Laparoscopic gastric bypass : This procedure mainly divides the patient's stomach into two parts through surgery, and establishes a small gastric pouch in the upper part of the stomach, so that it can connect to the jejunal passage far below the stomach, allowing food to enter and bypass most of the stomach, the duodenum, and part of the jejunum, thereby effectively reducing the stomach capacity and absorption, and effectively achieving the purpose of weight loss by changing the patient's digestive process. ② Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy : This procedure mainly uses surgery to remove most of the patient's stomach, leaving a small part of the stomach in the shape of a sleeve. Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy will not change the patient's digestive process, nor will it affect the normal absorption of food. By reducing the stomach capacity, the purpose of reducing the patient's weight is achieved.

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2. Necessity of dietary habit correction for patients undergoing weight loss surgery

Since patients who undergo weight loss surgery basically have the problem of overeating, and the surgery mainly changes the patient's gastrointestinal structure and reduces the stomach capacity to achieve the treatment purpose. If the patient's daily eating habits are not changed and the overeating habits are corrected, the expected weight loss effect will not be achieved. Therefore, correcting eating habits plays an important role for patients undergoing weight loss surgery. After weight loss surgery, the gastrointestinal tolerance of patients will be reduced, and the gastrointestinal function is weaker than that of normal people, so the patient's eating habits need to be controlled and corrected. By maintaining a scientific and reasonable diet and gradually regularizing gastrointestinal work, it plays a role in protecting the gastrointestinal tract, effectively avoiding the gastrointestinal pressure caused by bad eating habits, and improving the weight loss effect.

3. How to correct eating habits for patients undergoing weight loss surgery

(1) Change the speed of eating

Due to the changes in the gastrointestinal structure, patients who have undergone weight loss surgery should pay attention to the protection of the gastrointestinal tract in their diet to avoid increasing gastrointestinal pressure. For this reason, patients need to slow down their eating speed during the meal. Because the surgery will change the patient's appetite, the patient may feel full after eating a small amount of food. In addition, the surgery changes the stomach capacity. If the patient eats too fast, it is easy to cause nausea, dizziness and other discomforts, and increase gastrointestinal pressure. Therefore, it is necessary to control the eating speed to avoid discomfort caused by eating too fast, and it can also play a role in protecting the gastrointestinal tract.

(2) Maintain the principle of eating small and frequent meals

After weight loss surgery, the stomach capacity becomes smaller and the patient's food intake will also decrease. The patient is prone to feeling hungry within a short period of time after eating, and may not be able to meet the body's energy intake. This can be solved by changing from three meals a day to smaller and more frequent meals, and by eating multiple times, the body's energy intake can be met to ensure the body's health. While eating smaller and more frequent meals, you should also pay attention to reasonable dietary choices to ensure that the body's nutrition and energy intake are sufficient, and avoid excessive intake of high-calorie foods that affect weight loss results.

(3) Ensure food is chewed thoroughly

Weight loss surgery achieves its therapeutic effect by reducing the patient's stomach capacity. As the patient's stomach capacity is reduced, food that is too large can easily cause discomfort to the patient's stomach and intestines, and food that is too large is not conducive to absorption. Therefore, patients need to chew their food thoroughly during eating to reduce the volume of food and avoid putting pressure on the stomach and intestines.

(4) Avoid eating foods high in oil and sugar, and supplement with high-protein foods

Weight loss surgery can cause some damage to the patient's stomach and intestines. After eating foods high in oil and sugar, patients are prone to gastrointestinal discomfort, which will affect the weight loss effect. Therefore, it is necessary to avoid the intake of foods high in oil and sugar. At the same time, you can appropriately supplement high-protein foods to promote postoperative recovery.

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(5) Take appropriate multivitamin supplements

After weight loss surgery, the patient's intestinal nutrient absorption capacity will be affected to a certain extent, which may lead to insufficient micronutrient intake in the body. Therefore, it is necessary to supplement multivitamins appropriately after surgery to ensure adequate micronutrient intake. It will affect the intestinal absorption of nutrients. In order to avoid insufficient micronutrients, multivitamins must be supplemented regularly.

(6) Reasonable transition diet

After weight loss surgery, patients need to have a reasonable transition diet, gradually transitioning from a liquid diet to a normal diet, which is conducive to the stomach and intestines gradually adapting to different textures of diet. From the second day to one month after weight loss surgery, patients need to eat mainly liquid food; from one to three months after surgery, patients can eat semi-liquid food, and ensure that the food is soft and avoid food that is difficult to digest; three months after surgery, patients can eat soft food and gradually transition to a normal diet.

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Although weight loss surgery can achieve the goal of weight loss, it can only change the gastrointestinal structure. To achieve better weight loss results, patients also need to correct their eating habits to promote improved weight loss effects.