Let's play seedlings together

Author: Zhang Xin Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine

Reviewer: Yuan Xiaojun, Chief Physician, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine

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Vaccination is the most direct and effective means of preventing infectious diseases and one of the most successful public health measures.

When is the right time for children to get vaccinated? (Refer to the table below)

Figure 2 The picture is from the "National Immunization Program Vaccine Childhood Immunization Program and Instructions (2021 Edition)" and is not authorized for reproduction

Who are the commonly mentioned immunocompromised children?

Immunocompromised populations include those with congenital immunodeficiency, splenic loss or removal, those receiving immunosuppressant therapy, HIV infection, long-term transplant survivors, and children undergoing cancer chemotherapy.

Do blood transfusions have an impact on vaccines?

The main effects of blood products on vaccines are: ① Blood products (human immunoglobulin, plasma, platelets and red blood cell suspensions, etc.) interfere with the body's immune response to live virus vaccines; ② Measles, mumps-rubella (MMR) and varicella vaccines can be administered 3 to 11 months after blood products have been used; ③ If Ig products are received within 14 days after vaccination, MMR and varicella vaccines need to be repeated; ④ Immunoglobulin does not interfere with the immune response of inactivated vaccines, live polio vaccines, live rotavirus vaccines, BCG vaccines, etc.

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Importance of COVID-19 vaccination

Vaccination is the most economical and effective means of preventing and controlling novel coronavirus infection. Completing the full course of vaccination against novel coronavirus has played a great role in preventing infection, reducing the incidence of disease, especially preventing severe cases and deaths, and can build an immune barrier among the population, benefiting both oneself and others.

Recommendations for COVID-19 vaccination for different groups of people

Children with low immunity are recommended to choose inactivated vaccines or subunit vaccines. Children who have recently received HPV vaccines, rabies vaccines, herpes zoster vaccines, etc. are recommended to wait at least 14 days before receiving the new coronavirus vaccine. If rabies vaccines, tetanus vaccines, and immunoglobulins are required due to animal injuries or trauma, the interval can be ignored.

Things to note after receiving the COVID-19 vaccine

It should be noted that you should stay for observation for at least 30 minutes after vaccination; after returning home, you should keep the local skin of the vaccination site clean and avoid scratching the vaccination site with your hands; it is recommended to eat a light diet, drink plenty of water, and avoid strenuous exercise. If you have a persistent fever or persistent discomfort, seek medical attention immediately.

Facing the epidemic, we must do a good job in scientific prevention and control

Prepare the "six-piece set" for epidemic prevention, the "five more" protections and home disinfection.

The "six-piece set" for epidemic prevention : wearing a mask, maintaining a safe social distance of more than 1 meter, maintaining personal hygiene, health code, travel card, and nucleic acid test certificate.

The "five more" protection measures : continue to wear a mask, maintain social distance, cover your coughs and sneezes, wash your hands frequently, and open windows as much as possible.

Tips for home disinfection : The novel coronavirus is sensitive to ultraviolet rays and heat. Ultraviolet radiation for more than 30 minutes and continuous heating at 56°C for 30 minutes can effectively inactivate the virus. Lipid solvents such as 75% ethanol, ether, chlorine-containing disinfectants, peracetic acid and chloroform can effectively inactivate the virus.

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Contraindications for various vaccines in children with immune abnormalities

The "National Immunization Program Vaccine Childhood Immunization Schedule and Instructions (2021 Edition)" recommends that people with other immunodeficiencies or those who are receiving systemic immunosuppressive treatment, except those infected with HIV, can be vaccinated with inactivated vaccines. In principle, they should not be vaccinated with live attenuated vaccines (except for patients with complement deficiency). Patients with complement deficiency have no contraindications to all routine vaccinations. The intensity and durability of the immune response of immunodeficient patients to vaccination will be reduced. Whether they can be vaccinated with live vaccines depends on the type and degree of immunodeficiency. Among them, when vaccinating with IPV vaccine (inactivated polio vaccine), people with "primary immunodeficiency, thymic disease, HIV infection, malignant tumors undergoing chemotherapy, recent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and those who are currently using drugs with immunosuppressive or immunomodulatory effects (such as high-dose systemic corticosteroids, alkylating agents, antimetabolites, TNF-α inhibitors, IL-1 blockers or other immune cell-targeted monoclonal antibody therapy), and those who are currently or have recently received immune cell-targeted radiotherapy" should use it throughout the instructions.

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