What are the precautions before and after vaccination? Parents, please pay attention

April 25 is the National Children's Vaccination Promotion Day. Vaccination is the most effective and economical way to prevent infectious diseases. Vaccines are biological preparations made from various pathogenic microorganisms. They are divided into two major categories: live attenuated vaccines and inactivated vaccines. They generally enter the human body through subcutaneous or intramuscular injections, oral administration, etc. They are an external stimulus to the human body. The vast majority of children will not experience obvious adverse reactions after vaccination, but a very small number may experience certain adverse reactions.

Vaccines should be administered according to the corresponding immunization procedures. Parents should understand the relevant scientific knowledge of vaccines, such as the vaccination procedures in the region, the types of vaccines and the diseases they prevent, and the precautions before and after vaccination. Parents have the responsibility to cooperate with the vaccinators to complete the baby's vaccination. So, what precautions should be taken before and after the baby's vaccination?

[One week before vaccination, you should pay more attention to your baby’s care]

Parents should pay more attention to the care of their babies one week before their babies are about to receive vaccinations. We recommend that you start from the following five aspects: First, try to avoid your baby going to crowded and poorly ventilated places to avoid cross infection; second, when parents return home from outside, they should change their outer clothes and wash their hands before contacting their babies, and pay attention to ventilation in the room; third, avoid changing the baby's environment and overeating, and try not to let the baby try foods that have not been eaten before; fourth, pay attention to observe the baby's mental state, body temperature, appetite, urination and defecation, etc.; fifth, the baby should be bathed the day before vaccination so that the baby is in a good state for vaccination. The baby cannot take a bath on the day of vaccination, which can also keep the baby hygienic.

【Things to note on the day of vaccination】

On the day of vaccination, parents should bring their baby's vaccination book to the vaccination site. Before vaccination, they should cooperate with the doctor to conduct a physical examination and information entry on the baby. After the vaccination is completed, pay attention to pressing the baby's vaccination site until the doctor's specified time, and rest in the specified area for half an hour to observe the baby's body temperature, mental state, vaccination site, etc. After half an hour of observation, the baby can leave the hospital and go home if there is no abnormality. On the day of vaccination, avoid bathing the baby, do not go out for strenuous activities on the same day, do not go to crowded places, encourage the baby to drink more water, rest more, and eat a light diet. At the same time, continue to observe the baby's mental state, body temperature, vaccination site, whether there are other uncomfortable manifestations, etc. If the baby has a mild fever, the body temperature is less than 38 degrees, but the mental state is good, you can continue to observe at home, cool down physically, etc., and pay attention to closely observe the baby's condition. If the baby's temperature exceeds 38.5 degrees, or there is a rash, redness and swelling at the vaccination site, respiratory infection symptoms, and progressive deterioration of mental state, you should go to the hospital in time. At the same time, you should pay attention to contacting the doctor at the vaccination site and report the baby's condition in time.

(Ma Yang, deputy director of the Health Care Center of Beijing Children's Hospital, National Children's Medical Center)