Is cervical HPV52 positive common?

A positive cervical HPV52 test result is found in some people. This result indicates that the female's cervix is ​​infected with the HPV virus. Of course, this infection is not common, so a positive cervical HPV52 test result is not common either. Having said that, people still need to know something about the HPV virus, especially its infection routes and prevention methods. Below, I will introduce you to some relevant knowledge!

1. Overview of HPV Virus

The infection rate of skin-type HPV is very common in the population, such as the common common warts, toe warts, flat warts, etc. The specific infection rate cannot be obtained. What attracts more attention is the genital warts and cervical cancer caused by high-risk HPV infection and low-risk HPV infection of the external genitalia. According to statistics, among sexually transmitted diseases in the world, genital warts caused by HPV infection account for 15-20%.

Regarding the prevalence of HPV infection in the female reproductive tract, according to a survey from the National Health and Nutrition Research Project in the United States in 2003-2004, the overall HPV infection rate for people aged 14-59 was 26.8%, so the burden of HPV infection on women exceeds previous estimates. There have been no large-sample reports on epidemiological screening for HPV infection in my country. However, the incidence of genital warts among sexually transmitted diseases caused by HPV infection is increasing rapidly. It is estimated that the incidence rate should be the highest among sexually transmitted diseases because of a large number of underreporting and non-reporting. There are approximately 131,500 newly discovered cases of cervical cancer in my country every year. The reported incidence and mortality rates show an increasing trend, and the age of cervical cancer onset is getting younger. It is foreseeable that HPV infection will cause huge losses in my country.

2. HPV infection routes

1. Sexual transmission;

2. Close contact;

3. Indirect contact: through contact with the infected person’s clothing, daily necessities, utensils, etc.;

4. Nosocomial infection: Medical staff fail to provide adequate protection during treatment and care, resulting in self-infection or transmission of the infection to patients through medical staff;

5. Mother-to-child transmission: It is transmitted through close contact between the baby and the pregnant woman’s birth canal.

3. Disease Prevention

A nine-valent HPV vaccine is now available internationally. The nine-valent HPV vaccine can prevent more than 90% of cervical cancer. The vaccine was approved for use in the United States in 2014. On April 28, 2018, the National Medical Products Administration conditionally approved the nine-valent HPV vaccine for the prevention of cervical cancer for marketing in China.

The nine-valent HPV vaccine has good immunogenicity. After completing the three-dose vaccination program, the positive conversion rate of serum antibodies of the relevant type can reach almost 100%. One month after completing the vaccination program, the peak geometric mean titer of antibodies reached 100 times the antibody level after natural infection. In the next two months, the value dropped to 10 times and remained at a plateau. The vaccine's antibody levels last for at least 4 years. In the clinical trials of the efficacy of the nine-valent HPV vaccine, the primary observation endpoints were persistent infection with relevant HPV types, genital warts associated with relevant HPV types, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), and genital or vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN or VaIN). Clinical trials have shown that vaccination with the nine-valent HPV vaccine can produce good protective effects, effectively reducing persistent infection with corresponding types of HPV and precancerous lesions of the cervix, vagina, and external genitalia, with a protective efficacy of more than 90%. The nine-valent HPV vaccine contains VLPs of HPV-6 and HPV-11 types, and has a good preventive effect on genital warts.