What are the main items to check for gynecological diseases?

Gynecological diseases are a type of disease that has a certain impact on the health of many people. When gynecological diseases occur, they need to be examined and diagnosed in a timely manner. Because only by understanding the specific condition can we better treat the disease and enable female patients to recover their health as soon as possible. So, what are the examination items for gynecological diseases? This will be introduced below!

1. Genital examination

Normal vulva, pubic hair with downward-pointing tips and triangular distribution, labia majora pigmentation, labia minora slightly red, no ulcers, dermatitis, growths or hypopigmentation in the perineum, clitoral length <2.5cm, light pink mucosa around the urethral opening, no growths. Married women have old cracks in their hymen, and pregnant women have old cracks in their hymen and perineum, or there may be incision scars in the perineum. If necessary, the doctor will ask the patient to hold his breath and look for bulging of the anterior and posterior vaginal walls, uterine prolapse, or urinary incontinence. If there are any lesions, doctors will often describe them as "married type" or "given birth type", and any abnormalities will be recorded in detail.

2. Vaginal examination

The vaginal wall mucosa is light pink in color and has wrinkles, without ulcers, growths, cysts, vaginal septum, double vagina or other congenital malformations. Normal vaginal discharge is egg white-like or white paste, has no fishy smell, and is in small amounts, but increases during ovulation and pregnancy. If there are any abnormalities, the patient will have corresponding clinical symptoms, namely local itching, burning sensation, etc. The doctor will record them in detail and conduct tests.

3. Cervical examination

A normal cervix has bulges around the periphery and a hole in the middle. The shape of the navel for non-pregnant women is round, while that for pregnant women is "I"-shaped, tough, flesh-red, and has a smooth surface. If the examination is normal, it means that it is light, of medium quality, without itching or pain, etc. If abnormalities are found, the degree of erosion (mild, moderate, or none), the degree of cervical hypertrophy, and the size and location of the growth will be described in detail.

4. Examination of the uterus and appendages

The normal uterus is inverted pear-shaped, 7 to 8 cm long, 4 to 5 cm wide, and 2 to 3 cm thick. Most are in an anteversion and anteflexion position, with a medium hardness and good mobility. The ovaries and fallopian tubes are collectively called the "appendages." A normal ovary can occasionally expand to a size of 3×2×1cm3, is movable, and feels slightly sore and swollen when touched. Normal fallopian tubes cannot be palpated. If it is a "median" or "posterior" uterus and there are no obvious clinical symptoms, it is not a big deal.