Polycystic ovary diagnosis

Polycystic ovary is the main cause of female infertility. Some women may have polycystic ovary on one side, and some women may have polycystic ovary on both sides. In fact, polycystic ovary is quite serious for women. It will cause abdominal pain during menstruation and may also cause ovarian cysts in women, which may cause bleeding in women's lower body. So how is polycystic ovary diagnosed in women?

The diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome requires three aspects of examination. The first is gynecological color ultrasound. Transrectal or transvaginal Doppler color ultrasound is recommended. A very accurate assessment can be made of the thickness of the endometrium, the size of the ovaries, and the number and size of follicles within the ovaries. Secondly, you need to record the menstrual or ovulation conditions, such as the interval between menstrual cycles, menstrual volume, etc., and measure the basal body temperature to determine whether ovulation has occurred. In addition, endocrine-related hormones should be measured, such as serum insulin, serum androgen levels, and levels of testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone and other related androgens. The diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome requires a comprehensive evaluation and can only be confirmed under the guidance of a doctor in a regular hospital.

The diagnosis of a disease cannot be based solely on the patient's feelings and the doctor's experience, but also requires the help of necessary medical examinations, which can play a vital role.

The following examinations are mainly used to confirm polycystic ovary syndrome. Patients can choose according to their actual situation.

(1) Gynecological examination: General palpation may reveal enlarged ovaries on one or both sides.

(2) Ultrasound examination: Ultrasound examination is the most commonly used method for examining PCOS. The ovaries of most patients appear large, and only a few patients have normal ultrasound examinations.

(3) Hormone measurement: including serum androgen, follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, estrogen, and prolactin; for patients with abdominal obesity, fasting blood glucose and insulin should also be tested.

(4) Endocrine function test: to exclude the possibility of adrenal tumor or hyperplasia

(5) Basal body temperature measurement: The purpose of measuring basal body temperature is to see whether ovulation has occurred. During ovulation, the basal body temperature is biphasic, while if there is no ovulation, it is generally monophasic.

(6) Vaginal exfoliated cell maturation index: It provides a preliminary understanding of the hormone status in the body, but it cannot reflect the hormone content in the blood.

(7) Diagnostic curettage: It should be performed a few days before menstruation or within 6 hours of menstruation to see what changes have occurred in the endometrium. It is not commonly used and is only performed on a small number of patients.

(8) Laparoscopic examination: The condition of both ovaries can be directly observed, and the diagnostic accuracy rate is very high. During the operation, observation is also possible, and surgery is not performed for diagnosis.

(9) Ovarian tissue biopsy: rarely used in clinical practice.

The examinations used to diagnose PCOS are generally not painful. For B-ultrasound, you just need to hold your urine. Measuring hormone levels requires blood drawing, and measuring basal body temperature can be done at home. For other invasive examinations, anesthesia will be used if necessary. Patients do not need to be nervous, just cooperate with the doctor.