What tests should be done for irregular menstruation

Irregular menstruation is a problem that many women encounter. Irregular menstruation may be caused by daily diet, mood or endocrine problems. In fact, general menstrual disorders do not require treatment. We just need to change bad habits. However, if it is pathological menstrual irregularity, it needs to be examined and treated. What tests should be done for irregular menstruation?

Menstrual disorders, also known as irregular menstruation, are common gynecological diseases, manifested as abnormal menstrual cycles or bleeding volume, and may be accompanied by abdominal pain and systemic symptoms before and during menstruation. The cause may be organic disease or functional disorder.

1. Ultrasound examination

Reflects the condition of the uterus, ovaries and pelvic cavity.

2. Cytological examination

Exfoliated cytology examination to check ovarian function and rule out cervical malignancy.

3. Biopsy

Determine the nature of the lesion and is mostly used for the diagnosis of tumors.

4. Endocrine assay

Currently, hormones secreted by the hypothalamus, ovary, thyroid and adrenal cortex, such as follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, prolactin, estrogen, progesterone, testosterone, triiodothyronine, tetraiodothyronine, and thyroid-stimulating hormone, can be measured. Simple methods commonly used in clinical practice to understand ovarian function include vaginal smear, cervical mucus, basal body temperature and endometrial biopsy.

5. X-ray examination

Hysteriodized oil contrast can be used to understand the condition of the uterine cavity and whether there are submucosal fibroids or polyps. Anteroposterior and lateral sections of the sella turcica can be used to determine whether there is a pituitary tumor.

6. Hysteroscopy or laparoscopy

Observe the lesions of the uterine cavity and pelvic organs.

7. Others

Perform liver, kidney function and blood system examinations as appropriate. Chromosome examination should be performed when necessary.

There are several situations in which the disorder of menstrual cycle or bleeding volume is manifested:

1. Irregular uterine bleeding

This is a clinical symptom, including: heavy menstrual bleeding or prolonged menstrual bleeding. It is common in diseases such as uterine fibroids, endometrial polyps, endometriosis or dysfunctional uterine bleeding.

2. Dysfunctional uterine bleeding

It refers to abnormal uterine bleeding caused by endocrine regulation system disorders without obvious organic lesions in the internal and external genitalia. It is the most common type of menstrual disorder and is common in adolescence and menopause. It is divided into two categories: ovulatory and anovulatory. About 85% of cases are anovulatory functional uterine bleeding.

3. Amenorrhea

It is a common symptom in gynecological diseases and can be caused by a variety of different reasons. Amenorrhea is usually divided into primary and secondary types. Those who have not had menstruation by the age of 18 are called primary amenorrhea; those who have no menstruation for more than 6 months at any time after menarche and before normal menopause (except pregnancy or lactation) are called secondary amenorrhea.

4. Menopause

Menopause means the cessation of menstruation, which refers to the cessation of menstruation for more than 12 months. However, there are often changes in menstrual cycle and menstrual volume during perimenopause. It manifests as a shortened menstrual cycle, mainly a shortened follicular phase, anovulation and increased menstrual flow.